Special Note...
The information in this flora page
has been compiled from reliable sources through other webpage , such as reference works on medicinal plants and edible vegetable plants.
It is not a substitute
for food and for medical treatment and it does not purport to provide any advice.
In the field of wild herbs and wild vegetable,
each and every individual body absorbing system is different and It should not be consume or used without any expert guidance.
Readers should always consult the expert
in the field before consuming any wild vegetable and for using it as medicinal purposes.
The information in this flora page
has been compiled from reliable sources through other webpage , such as reference works on medicinal plants and edible vegetable plants.
It is not a substitute
for food and for medical treatment and it does not purport to provide any advice.
In the field of wild herbs and wild vegetable,
each and every individual body absorbing system is different and It should not be consume or used without any expert guidance.
Readers should always consult the expert
in the field before consuming any wild vegetable and for using it as medicinal purposes.
Mucuna pruriens
velvet beans
velvet beans
T15
Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume native to Africa and tropical Asia and widely naturalized and cultivated. Its English common names include monkey tamarind, velvet bean, Bengal velvet bean, Florida velvet bean, Mauritius velvet bean, Yokohama velvet bean, cowage, cowitch, lacuna bean, and Lyon bean.
Mucuna pruriens is an annual climbing shrub with long vines that can reach over 15 metres (50 feet) in length.
When the plant is young, it is almost completely covered with fuzzy hairs, but when older, it is almost completely free of hairs.
The leaves are tripinnate, ovate, reverse ovate, rhombus-shaped or widely ovate. The sides of the leaves are often heavily grooved and the tips are pointy.
In young specimens, both sides of the leaves have hairs. The stems of the leaflets are 2–3 millimetres (1⁄16–1⁄8 inch) long. Additional adjacent leaves are present and are about 5 mm (1⁄4 in) long.
The flower heads take the form of axially arrayed panicles. They are 15–32 centimetres (6–13 in) long and have two or three, or many flowers, which can be white, lavender, or purple.
The accompanying leaves are about 12.5 mm (1⁄2 in) long; the flower stand axes are from 2.5–5 mm (1⁄8–3⁄16 in). The bell is 7.5–9 mm (5⁄16–3⁄8 in) long and silky.
The sepals are longer or of the same length as the shuttles. The crown is purplish or white. The flag is 1.5 mm (1⁄16 in) long. The wings are 2.5–3.8 cm (1–1+1⁄2 in) long.
In the fruit-ripening stage, a 4–13 cm (2–5 in) long, 1–2 cm (3⁄8–3⁄4 in) wide, unwinged, leguminous fruit develops.
There is a ridge along its length and the husk is covered in loose, orange hairs that cause a severe itch if they contact skin. The pods carry up to seven seeds, which are shiny black or brown drift seeds. They are flattened uniform ellipsoids, 1–1.9 cm (3⁄8–3⁄4 in) long, .8–1.3 cm (3⁄8–1⁄2 in) wide and 4–6.5 cm (2–3 in) thick.
The hilum, the base of the funiculus (connection between placenta and plant seeds) is a surrounded by a significant arillus (fleshy seed shell). The dry weight of the seeds is 55–85 grams (2–3 ounces)/100 seeds.
The seeds of the plant contain about 3.1–6.1% L-DOPA.
M. pruriens var. pruriens has the highest content of L-DOPA. An average of 52.11% degradation of L-DOPA into damaging quinones and reactive oxygen species was found in seeds of M. pruriens varieties.
( l-DOPA, also known as levodopa and l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, is an amino acid that is made and used as part of the normal biology of some plants and animals, including humans. Humans, as well as a portion of the other animals that utilize l-DOPA, make it via biosynthesis from the amino acid l-tyrosine. l-DOPA is the precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), which are collectively known as catecholamines.
Furthermore, l-DOPA itself mediates neurotrophic factor release by the brain and CNS. l-DOPA can be manufactured and in its pure form is sold as a psychoactive drug with the INN levodopa; trade names include Sinemet, Pharmacopa, Atamet, and Stalevo.
As a drug, it is used in the clinical treatment of Parkinson's disease and dopamine-responsive dystonia )
The hairs lining the seed pods contain serotonin and the protein mucunain, which cause severe itching when the pods are touched.
The calyx below the flowers is also a source of itchy spicules and the stinging hairs on the outside of the seed pods are used in some brands of itching powder.
Scratching the exposed area can spread the itching to other areas touched, which can cause blindness if in the area of the eyes.
Once this happens, the subject tends to scratch vigorously and uncontrollably and for this reason the local populace in northern Mozambique refer to the beans as "mad beans" (feijões malucos). The seed pods are known as "Devil Beans" in Nigeria.
In many parts of the world, M. pruriens is used as an important forage, fallow and green manure crop, since the plant is a legume, it fixes nitrogen and fertilizes soil.
In Indonesia, particularly Java, the beans are eaten and widely known as 'Benguk'. The beans can also be fermented to form a food similar to tempeh and known as Benguk tempe or 'tempe Benguk'.
M. pruriens is a widespread fodder plant in the tropics. To that end, the whole plant is fed to animals as silage, dried hay or dried seeds.
M. pruriens silage contains 11–23% crude protein, 35–40% crude fiber, and the dried beans 20–35% crude protein. It also has use in the countries of Benin and Vietnam as a biological control for problematic Imperata cylindrica grass.
M. pruriens is said to not be invasive outside its cultivated area, however, the plant is invasive within conservation areas of South Florida, where it frequently invades disturbed land and rockland hammock edge habitats.
Cooked fresh shoots or beans can also be eaten. The plant contains relatively high (3–7% dry weight) levels of L-DOPA which some people are sensitive to, it can cause nausea, vomiting, cramping, arrhythmias, and hypotension.
Up to 88% of the L-DOPA can be extracted from M. pruriens by boiling and soaking for approximately 48 hours. The efficiency of the process can be slightly improved by using approximately 0.25–0.50% sodium bicarbonate.
In Traditional medicine
Mucuna pruriens, (commonly referred to as velvet bean, agbala or agbaloko in Ibo and werepe in Yoruba) is well known for its anti-snake venom properties. Eating few of its seeds is claimed to confer protection against snakebite in an individual for at least a year.
The plant and its extracts have long been used in tribal communities as an antidote for snakebite.
More recently, its effects against bites by Naja (cobra), Echis (saw-scaled viper), Calloselasma (Malayan pit viper), and Bungarus (krait) species have been studied.
It has also been investigated as a treatment for Parkinson's disease due to its high L-DOPA content while the seeds have been recognized for their ability to significantly alleviate neurotoxicity associated with the condition.
The seeds have also been used for treating mood disorders, as well as for sexual dysfunction in Tibb-e-Unani and Ayurvedic medicine.
The dried leaves of M. pruriens are sometimes smoked.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3942911/#sec1-2title
Clade : Tracheophytes
Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Rosids
Order : Fabales
Family : Fabaceae
Subfamily : Faboideae
Genus : Mucuna
Species : M. pruriens
Binomial name Mucuna pruriens
(L.) DC.
Mucuna pruriens is an annual climbing shrub with long vines that can reach over 15 metres (50 feet) in length.
When the plant is young, it is almost completely covered with fuzzy hairs, but when older, it is almost completely free of hairs.
The leaves are tripinnate, ovate, reverse ovate, rhombus-shaped or widely ovate. The sides of the leaves are often heavily grooved and the tips are pointy.
In young specimens, both sides of the leaves have hairs. The stems of the leaflets are 2–3 millimetres (1⁄16–1⁄8 inch) long. Additional adjacent leaves are present and are about 5 mm (1⁄4 in) long.
The flower heads take the form of axially arrayed panicles. They are 15–32 centimetres (6–13 in) long and have two or three, or many flowers, which can be white, lavender, or purple.
The accompanying leaves are about 12.5 mm (1⁄2 in) long; the flower stand axes are from 2.5–5 mm (1⁄8–3⁄16 in). The bell is 7.5–9 mm (5⁄16–3⁄8 in) long and silky.
The sepals are longer or of the same length as the shuttles. The crown is purplish or white. The flag is 1.5 mm (1⁄16 in) long. The wings are 2.5–3.8 cm (1–1+1⁄2 in) long.
In the fruit-ripening stage, a 4–13 cm (2–5 in) long, 1–2 cm (3⁄8–3⁄4 in) wide, unwinged, leguminous fruit develops.
There is a ridge along its length and the husk is covered in loose, orange hairs that cause a severe itch if they contact skin. The pods carry up to seven seeds, which are shiny black or brown drift seeds. They are flattened uniform ellipsoids, 1–1.9 cm (3⁄8–3⁄4 in) long, .8–1.3 cm (3⁄8–1⁄2 in) wide and 4–6.5 cm (2–3 in) thick.
The hilum, the base of the funiculus (connection between placenta and plant seeds) is a surrounded by a significant arillus (fleshy seed shell). The dry weight of the seeds is 55–85 grams (2–3 ounces)/100 seeds.
The seeds of the plant contain about 3.1–6.1% L-DOPA.
M. pruriens var. pruriens has the highest content of L-DOPA. An average of 52.11% degradation of L-DOPA into damaging quinones and reactive oxygen species was found in seeds of M. pruriens varieties.
( l-DOPA, also known as levodopa and l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, is an amino acid that is made and used as part of the normal biology of some plants and animals, including humans. Humans, as well as a portion of the other animals that utilize l-DOPA, make it via biosynthesis from the amino acid l-tyrosine. l-DOPA is the precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), which are collectively known as catecholamines.
Furthermore, l-DOPA itself mediates neurotrophic factor release by the brain and CNS. l-DOPA can be manufactured and in its pure form is sold as a psychoactive drug with the INN levodopa; trade names include Sinemet, Pharmacopa, Atamet, and Stalevo.
As a drug, it is used in the clinical treatment of Parkinson's disease and dopamine-responsive dystonia )
The hairs lining the seed pods contain serotonin and the protein mucunain, which cause severe itching when the pods are touched.
The calyx below the flowers is also a source of itchy spicules and the stinging hairs on the outside of the seed pods are used in some brands of itching powder.
Scratching the exposed area can spread the itching to other areas touched, which can cause blindness if in the area of the eyes.
Once this happens, the subject tends to scratch vigorously and uncontrollably and for this reason the local populace in northern Mozambique refer to the beans as "mad beans" (feijões malucos). The seed pods are known as "Devil Beans" in Nigeria.
In many parts of the world, M. pruriens is used as an important forage, fallow and green manure crop, since the plant is a legume, it fixes nitrogen and fertilizes soil.
In Indonesia, particularly Java, the beans are eaten and widely known as 'Benguk'. The beans can also be fermented to form a food similar to tempeh and known as Benguk tempe or 'tempe Benguk'.
M. pruriens is a widespread fodder plant in the tropics. To that end, the whole plant is fed to animals as silage, dried hay or dried seeds.
M. pruriens silage contains 11–23% crude protein, 35–40% crude fiber, and the dried beans 20–35% crude protein. It also has use in the countries of Benin and Vietnam as a biological control for problematic Imperata cylindrica grass.
M. pruriens is said to not be invasive outside its cultivated area, however, the plant is invasive within conservation areas of South Florida, where it frequently invades disturbed land and rockland hammock edge habitats.
Cooked fresh shoots or beans can also be eaten. The plant contains relatively high (3–7% dry weight) levels of L-DOPA which some people are sensitive to, it can cause nausea, vomiting, cramping, arrhythmias, and hypotension.
Up to 88% of the L-DOPA can be extracted from M. pruriens by boiling and soaking for approximately 48 hours. The efficiency of the process can be slightly improved by using approximately 0.25–0.50% sodium bicarbonate.
In Traditional medicine
Mucuna pruriens, (commonly referred to as velvet bean, agbala or agbaloko in Ibo and werepe in Yoruba) is well known for its anti-snake venom properties. Eating few of its seeds is claimed to confer protection against snakebite in an individual for at least a year.
The plant and its extracts have long been used in tribal communities as an antidote for snakebite.
More recently, its effects against bites by Naja (cobra), Echis (saw-scaled viper), Calloselasma (Malayan pit viper), and Bungarus (krait) species have been studied.
It has also been investigated as a treatment for Parkinson's disease due to its high L-DOPA content while the seeds have been recognized for their ability to significantly alleviate neurotoxicity associated with the condition.
The seeds have also been used for treating mood disorders, as well as for sexual dysfunction in Tibb-e-Unani and Ayurvedic medicine.
The dried leaves of M. pruriens are sometimes smoked.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3942911/#sec1-2title
Clade : Tracheophytes
Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Rosids
Order : Fabales
Family : Fabaceae
Subfamily : Faboideae
Genus : Mucuna
Species : M. pruriens
Binomial name Mucuna pruriens
(L.) DC.
Piper sarmentosum
细叶青萎藤
细叶青萎藤
Piper sarmentosum is a plant in the family Piperaceae used in many Southeast Asian cuisines, the leaves of Piper sarmentosum are used in traditional Asian medicines.
The leaves are often confused with betel, but they lack the intense taste of the betel leaves and are significantly smaller.
Piper lolot (lolot) is now known to be the same species. Under this name it is cultivated for its leaf which is used in Lao and Vietnamese cuisine as a flavoring wrap for grilling meats, namely the thịt bò nướng lá lốt in Vietnam.
Common names : wild betel leaf, Vietnamese pepper,
Wild Pepper, Pokok Kadok, Kaduk, Daun Kaduk, Chabei, Sri Tanah, Chaa Phluu, La Lot, Akar Bugu, Sirih Duduk, 假蒟, 细叶青萎藤, 青蒟
There is no "official" English name for it, but it is sometimes called wild betel.
It is known as chaphlu (ชะพลู) or bai cha phu (ช้าพลู) in Thai; phak i leut or pak eelerd (ຜັກອີ່ເລີດ) in Lao.
In Vietnam, the local name of Piper lolot – lá lốt – is applied to P. sarmentosum also. It is also known as lolot pepper.
In Vietnamese it is called lá lốt (or sometimes in the South lá lốp).
In Khmer, it is called japloo ចាព្លូ (or jeeploo ជីរភ្លូ), in Thai chaphloo ชะพลู, in Lao phak ee lert ຜັກອີ່ເລີດ (or phak nang lert ຜັກນາງເລີດ).
Piper sarmentosum is an erect herb up to about 80 cm high, glabrous, and with long creeping procumbent
branches. The stems are rounded, swollen at the nodes. The leaves are simple, cordate and alternate, 7 – 15 cm long by 5 – 10 cm wide. They are dark green, very glossy, with the petiole 2.5 – 5 cm in length.
The inflorescence is an axillary cylindrical spike, with some bisexual and some unisexual flowers each about 7 mm long. The bracts are more-or-less circular, white, with short stamens and 3 or 4 stigmas.
The fruit is a mulberry-like berry with a sweet taste when ripe, rather like the taste of Elaeocarpus serratus, the Ceylon olive. The leaves emit a pungent peppery scent when crushed.
Piper sarmentosum is found from the tropical areas of Southeast Asia, Northeast India and South China, and as far as the Andaman Islands.
Piper sarmentosum leaves are sold in bunches and are usually eaten raw.
• In Bangladeshi cuisine, chopped leaves are tossed with chopped onion, green chili and a dash of mustard oil to be eaten as a salad with plain rice.
• In Thai cuisine, the leaves are used to wrap miang kham, a traditional snack; they are also one of the ingredients of the Kaeng khae curry of Northern Thailand. The curry is named after these leaves, which are known as khae in Northern Thailand.
• In Laotian cuisine, it is eaten as part of a salad.
• In Malay cuisine it is shredded for ulam, a type of Malay salad.
• In Vietnamese cuisine it is grilled in bò nướng lá lốt, a typical Southern Vietnamese dish. Minced beef is marinated with seasoning, soya sauce and various finely chopped spices such as garlic, onion and lemongrass then wrapped in Piper lolot leaves and grilled, which brings smokey flavor to the beef. It is served with rice noodles, fresh herbs, sliced star fruits and pineapples, and fermented fish sauce mắm nêm
The practice of wrapping meat in vine leaves originated in the Middle East, which was taken to India by the Persians. It was subsequently introduced by the Indians to Southeast Asia.
However, grape vines do not grow well in tropical climates, so the Vietnamese started to use leaves of lolot instead. It is native to the Indochinese region and recently introduced to the United States by Lao and Vietnamese immigrants. It is also used for medicinal purposes, to relieve a wide range of symptoms from inflammation to snakebites.
Piper sarmentosum leaves are used in traditional Asian medicines. Chemical analysis has shown the leaves contain the antioxidant naringenin. Amides from P. sarmentosum fruit have been shown to have anti-tuberculosis and anti-plasmodial activities.
Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (Piperaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant widely distributed in India, Malaysia, Thailand, and the southeastern coastal areas of China including Fujian, Guangdong, and Guizhou. It has been used for centuries for the treatment of wind-cold cough, fever, rheumatism arthralgia, diarrhea dysentery, postpartum foot swelling, stomachache, toothache, diabetes, and traumatic injury.
Phytochemical analyses of the chemical constituents of P. sarmentosum include essential oil, alkaloids, flavonoids, lignans, and steroids.
The literature supports the ethnomedicinal uses of P. sarmentosum for the treatment of cold, gastritis, and rheumatoid joint pain, and further confirms its relatively new pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, and antipyretic activities. Other biological roles such as anti-osteoporosis, antibacterial, antidepressant, anti-atherosclerotic, and hypoglycemic activities have also been reported. However, the methodologies employed in individual studies are limited.
Clade : Tracheophytes
Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Magnoliids
Order : Piperales
Family : Piperaceae
Genus : Piper
Species : P. sarmentosum
Binomial name Piper sarmentosum
Roxb 1812
The leaves are often confused with betel, but they lack the intense taste of the betel leaves and are significantly smaller.
Piper lolot (lolot) is now known to be the same species. Under this name it is cultivated for its leaf which is used in Lao and Vietnamese cuisine as a flavoring wrap for grilling meats, namely the thịt bò nướng lá lốt in Vietnam.
Common names : wild betel leaf, Vietnamese pepper,
Wild Pepper, Pokok Kadok, Kaduk, Daun Kaduk, Chabei, Sri Tanah, Chaa Phluu, La Lot, Akar Bugu, Sirih Duduk, 假蒟, 细叶青萎藤, 青蒟
There is no "official" English name for it, but it is sometimes called wild betel.
It is known as chaphlu (ชะพลู) or bai cha phu (ช้าพลู) in Thai; phak i leut or pak eelerd (ຜັກອີ່ເລີດ) in Lao.
In Vietnam, the local name of Piper lolot – lá lốt – is applied to P. sarmentosum also. It is also known as lolot pepper.
In Vietnamese it is called lá lốt (or sometimes in the South lá lốp).
In Khmer, it is called japloo ចាព្លូ (or jeeploo ជីរភ្លូ), in Thai chaphloo ชะพลู, in Lao phak ee lert ຜັກອີ່ເລີດ (or phak nang lert ຜັກນາງເລີດ).
Piper sarmentosum is an erect herb up to about 80 cm high, glabrous, and with long creeping procumbent
branches. The stems are rounded, swollen at the nodes. The leaves are simple, cordate and alternate, 7 – 15 cm long by 5 – 10 cm wide. They are dark green, very glossy, with the petiole 2.5 – 5 cm in length.
The inflorescence is an axillary cylindrical spike, with some bisexual and some unisexual flowers each about 7 mm long. The bracts are more-or-less circular, white, with short stamens and 3 or 4 stigmas.
The fruit is a mulberry-like berry with a sweet taste when ripe, rather like the taste of Elaeocarpus serratus, the Ceylon olive. The leaves emit a pungent peppery scent when crushed.
Piper sarmentosum is found from the tropical areas of Southeast Asia, Northeast India and South China, and as far as the Andaman Islands.
Piper sarmentosum leaves are sold in bunches and are usually eaten raw.
• In Bangladeshi cuisine, chopped leaves are tossed with chopped onion, green chili and a dash of mustard oil to be eaten as a salad with plain rice.
• In Thai cuisine, the leaves are used to wrap miang kham, a traditional snack; they are also one of the ingredients of the Kaeng khae curry of Northern Thailand. The curry is named after these leaves, which are known as khae in Northern Thailand.
• In Laotian cuisine, it is eaten as part of a salad.
• In Malay cuisine it is shredded for ulam, a type of Malay salad.
• In Vietnamese cuisine it is grilled in bò nướng lá lốt, a typical Southern Vietnamese dish. Minced beef is marinated with seasoning, soya sauce and various finely chopped spices such as garlic, onion and lemongrass then wrapped in Piper lolot leaves and grilled, which brings smokey flavor to the beef. It is served with rice noodles, fresh herbs, sliced star fruits and pineapples, and fermented fish sauce mắm nêm
The practice of wrapping meat in vine leaves originated in the Middle East, which was taken to India by the Persians. It was subsequently introduced by the Indians to Southeast Asia.
However, grape vines do not grow well in tropical climates, so the Vietnamese started to use leaves of lolot instead. It is native to the Indochinese region and recently introduced to the United States by Lao and Vietnamese immigrants. It is also used for medicinal purposes, to relieve a wide range of symptoms from inflammation to snakebites.
Piper sarmentosum leaves are used in traditional Asian medicines. Chemical analysis has shown the leaves contain the antioxidant naringenin. Amides from P. sarmentosum fruit have been shown to have anti-tuberculosis and anti-plasmodial activities.
Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (Piperaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant widely distributed in India, Malaysia, Thailand, and the southeastern coastal areas of China including Fujian, Guangdong, and Guizhou. It has been used for centuries for the treatment of wind-cold cough, fever, rheumatism arthralgia, diarrhea dysentery, postpartum foot swelling, stomachache, toothache, diabetes, and traumatic injury.
Phytochemical analyses of the chemical constituents of P. sarmentosum include essential oil, alkaloids, flavonoids, lignans, and steroids.
The literature supports the ethnomedicinal uses of P. sarmentosum for the treatment of cold, gastritis, and rheumatoid joint pain, and further confirms its relatively new pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, and antipyretic activities. Other biological roles such as anti-osteoporosis, antibacterial, antidepressant, anti-atherosclerotic, and hypoglycemic activities have also been reported. However, the methodologies employed in individual studies are limited.
Clade : Tracheophytes
Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Magnoliids
Order : Piperales
Family : Piperaceae
Genus : Piper
Species : P. sarmentosum
Binomial name Piper sarmentosum
Roxb 1812
假蒟
學名:Piper sarmentosum Roxb.
科別:胡椒科
別名:假蒟醬、假荖、假簍、臭蔞、山蔞、大柄蔞、馬蹄蔞、哈蔞、哈蒟、蛤藥、篳撥、畢撥子、豬撥菜、釀苦瓜、鑽骨風、巴岩香、急撈
假蒟葉子有一種特異的香味,是一種香料植物,也是一種十分受歡迎的野菜。
假蔞除了有很高的食用價值外,還具有強大的藥用價值。
廣東、廣西人包粽子時用蛤蔞葉包肥豬肉作餡,可以消除豬肉的肥膩,中和糯米的濕熱, 祛熱毒。
用其葉子煮蛤蔞飯,有特殊香氣,在海南等地區,人們喜歡細細剁碎它的葉子,加油炒至葉末熟透變黑,再拌在米中加鹽少許,燜煮成香飄數里的蛤蔞飯。
假蒟牛肉餅也是一道美味的菜餚。
在海南假蒟葉也有別的用處,葉子、果穗或根可以做湯料,熬雞湯或別的湯時,放少許,湯會很清香美味。
小枝近直立,無毛或幼時被極細的粉狀短柔毛;葉近膜質,有細腺點,下部的闊卵形或近圓形;花單性,雌雄異株,聚集成與葉對生的穗狀花序;總花梗與花序等長或略短,被粉狀短柔毛;花序軸被毛;苞片扁圓形;果實接近球形;花期4-11月。
假蒟分佈於我國福建、廣東、廣西、雲南、貴州及西藏,國外主要分佈在印度、越南、馬來西亞、新加坡、菲律賓、印度尼西亞、巴布亞新幾內亞。生於林下或村旁濕地上,假蒟喜温暖、濕潤環境,喜光,也較耐蔭,耐熱、不耐寒,對土質要求不高。假蒟的繁殖方式主要為扦插、壓條、種子進行繁殖。
藥用
假蒟味苦、性温,歸心、肺、脾、大腸經;祛風散寒,行氣止痛,活絡、消腫;主治風寒咳喘、風濕痹痛、脘腹脹滿、泄瀉痢疾、產後腳腫、跌打損傷等病症。
食用
假蒟的莖葉洗淨,沸水設過後可炒食或做湯;葉還可用來爆炒、紅燒、幹偏、煲煮各色肉品。
學名:Piper sarmentosum Roxb.
科別:胡椒科
別名:假蒟醬、假荖、假簍、臭蔞、山蔞、大柄蔞、馬蹄蔞、哈蔞、哈蒟、蛤藥、篳撥、畢撥子、豬撥菜、釀苦瓜、鑽骨風、巴岩香、急撈
假蒟葉子有一種特異的香味,是一種香料植物,也是一種十分受歡迎的野菜。
假蔞除了有很高的食用價值外,還具有強大的藥用價值。
廣東、廣西人包粽子時用蛤蔞葉包肥豬肉作餡,可以消除豬肉的肥膩,中和糯米的濕熱, 祛熱毒。
用其葉子煮蛤蔞飯,有特殊香氣,在海南等地區,人們喜歡細細剁碎它的葉子,加油炒至葉末熟透變黑,再拌在米中加鹽少許,燜煮成香飄數里的蛤蔞飯。
假蒟牛肉餅也是一道美味的菜餚。
在海南假蒟葉也有別的用處,葉子、果穗或根可以做湯料,熬雞湯或別的湯時,放少許,湯會很清香美味。
小枝近直立,無毛或幼時被極細的粉狀短柔毛;葉近膜質,有細腺點,下部的闊卵形或近圓形;花單性,雌雄異株,聚集成與葉對生的穗狀花序;總花梗與花序等長或略短,被粉狀短柔毛;花序軸被毛;苞片扁圓形;果實接近球形;花期4-11月。
假蒟分佈於我國福建、廣東、廣西、雲南、貴州及西藏,國外主要分佈在印度、越南、馬來西亞、新加坡、菲律賓、印度尼西亞、巴布亞新幾內亞。生於林下或村旁濕地上,假蒟喜温暖、濕潤環境,喜光,也較耐蔭,耐熱、不耐寒,對土質要求不高。假蒟的繁殖方式主要為扦插、壓條、種子進行繁殖。
藥用
假蒟味苦、性温,歸心、肺、脾、大腸經;祛風散寒,行氣止痛,活絡、消腫;主治風寒咳喘、風濕痹痛、脘腹脹滿、泄瀉痢疾、產後腳腫、跌打損傷等病症。
食用
假蒟的莖葉洗淨,沸水設過後可炒食或做湯;葉還可用來爆炒、紅燒、幹偏、煲煮各色肉品。
Dioscorea bulbifera
黄独别名黄药子、黄药根、土芋
黄独别名黄药子、黄药根、土芋
Dioscorea bulbifera (commonly known as the air potato, air yam, aerial yam, bitter yam, cheeky yam, potato yam and parsnip yam) is a species of true yam in the yam family, Dioscoreaceae.
The genus Dioscorea comprises of approximately 600 species. It is native to Africa, Asia and northern Australia. It is widely cultivated and has become naturalized in many regions (Latin America, the West Indies, the Southeastern United States, and various oceanic islands).
Dioscorea bulbifera is a perennial vine with broad, alternate leaves, and two types of storage organs. The plant forms bulbils in the leaf axils of the twining stems, and tubers beneath the ground. These tubers are like small, oblong potatoes. Some varieties are edible and cultivated as a food crop, especially in West Africa and while others are poisonous.
Edible species of Dioscorea have opposite leaves whilst poisonous species have alternate leaves. The aerial bulbs of this species contain toxic substances, including the alkaloid dioscorine. This can be destroyed by thorough cooking. Asiatic forms of the plant usually contain less alkaloids than plants originating in Africa. There are forms that are almost or entirely free of toxins. (Parts of plant are poisonous if ingested)
The tubers of edible varieties often have a bitter taste, which can be removed by boiling. They can then be prepared in the same way as other yams, potatoes, and sweet potatoes.
Air potato can grow extremely quickly, roughly 8 inches per day, and eventually reach over 60 ft long. It typically climbs to the tops of trees and has a tendency to take over native plants. New plants develop from bulbils that form on the plant, and these bulbils serve as a means of dispersal. The aerial stems of air potato die back in winter, but resprouting occurs from bulbils and underground tubers.
The primary means of spread and reproduction are by the bulbils. The smallest bulbils make control of air potato difficult due to their ability to sprout at a very small stage. The vine produces small white flowers and the fruits are capsules.
Air potato has been used as a folk remedy to treat conjunctivitis, diarrhoea, and dysentery, among other ailments.
Root juice is taken to expel threadworm. Fruits are used to treat boils and fevers.
D. bulbifera is highly important to the Tiwi people of Australia, who use it in an important ceremony called kulama. During the ceremony, the tubers are ritually cooked, and eaten on the third day.
Toxicity :
Uncultivated forms, such as those found growing wild can be poisonous. These varieties contain the steroid diosgenin, which is a principal material used in the manufacture of a number of synthetic steroidal hormones, such as those used in hormonal contraception. There have been claims that even the wild forms are rendered edible after drying and boiling, leading to confusion over actual toxicity.
In some places it is considered a noxious weed because of its quick-growing, large-leafed vine that spreads tenaciously and shades out any plants growing beneath it. The bulbils on the vines sprout and become new vines, twisting around each other to form a thick mat. If the plant is cut to the ground, the tubers can survive for extended periods and send up new shoots later.
The leaf beetle Lilioceris cheni has been studied and employed as an agent of biological pest control for the plant.
Aerial tubers - cooked. An agreeable taste, they can be boiled, baked, fried etc. They must be thoroughly cooked in order to destroy toxic alkaloids.
Wild forms of the plant are always toxic raw, though selected cultivars have been developed that are much lower, or even free from, the toxins.
The tubers are produced, and can be harvested, over a long period of time. Root - cooked. Roots are usually around 0.5kg, though they can be up to 1.5kg. They are not always produced by the plants. The inflorescences are apparently eaten.
The juice of the roots is taken to expel threadworm. The juice is dripped into wounds to expel worms and germs.
Both the tuber and the bulbil of wild races have medicinal uses. In particular they are used externally, usually as a poultice, to treat wounds, sores, boils and inflammations; in dressings for treating dermal parasitic and fungal infections; or crushed, mixed with palm oil, and massaged onto areas of rheumatism, and for troubles of the breasts and for jiggers. In India the tuber is considered to be diuretic and to be a remedy for diarrhoea and haemorrhoids.
The fruits are used to treat boils and for fever.
Sap expressed from the vine stems is applied to treat purulent ophthalmia, and for snake-bite.
The leaves are used, often by steam-distillation, against pink-eye. Various medically active substances have been detected in the plant.
Dioscorine has been detected in the tuber, though certain Nigerian material has been reported free of the alkaloid. Alkaloids have been reported from the leaves and stems and particularly in the fruits. Diosgenin has been detected at 0?45% concentration. Saponin is present and a number of other pharmacologically active substances.
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Dioscoreales
Family: Dioscoreaceae
Genus: Dioscorea
Species: D. bulbifera
Binomial name Dioscorea bulbifera
黄独别名黄药子、黄药根、土芋,为薯蓣科薯蓣属多年生草本植物。
黄独为缠绕草质藤本。块茎卵圆形或长圆形,长在土表,棕褐色,表面密生细长须根;叶片呈宽卵状心形或卵状心形,先端尾状渐尖,边缘全缘或微波状。黄独分布在我国多为野生,主要生长在河谷边、山谷阴沟和杂木林边缘。
黄独的肉质块茎可入药,味苦、性平,具有散结消瘿、清热解毒、凉血降火的功效。黄独作为传统中药,主治咽喉肿痛、无名肿毒、蛇虫咬伤等病症。
黄独除了可以治疗以上症状,还具有多重药理作用。现代药理实验研究表明,黄独对缺碘引起的甲状腺肿大有明显的治疗作用,能使甲状腺重量减轻;黄独具有抗菌作用,体外抗菌实验表明,黄独水浸剂(1∶3)在其20%至40%浓度内对多种皮肤真菌有不同程度的抑制作用。除此之外,临床还用黄独治疗百日咳、痢疾、银屑病、乳腺增生和宫颈炎等症。
虽然黄独具有很高的医用价值,但它也有很强的毒性。黄独的毒性主要表现为对肝肾的损伤,损伤程度与给药剂量和时间密切相关。服用过量可能会引起恶心、呕吐、腹痛、中毒性肝炎等,严重可导致死亡。黄独对肝脏的损伤在短时间内即表现出来,表现为脂肪样变、嗜酸样变性、小灶性坏死或片状坏死。而对肾脏的损害需较长时间才能表现出来。表现为肾血管扩张充血,肾小囊内可见到红细胞。因此,服用黄独一定要注意剂量遵医嘱,避免出现中毒现象。
黄独果是一种药材,它的果实还有很高的食用价值。
新鲜的黄独果不能直接食用,因为它是一种有毒物质。如果直接食用会吸收一些有毒成分,很容易损害健康,对身体造成不良影响。食用新鲜黄独果的最佳方法是将其洗净,加水,煮15分钟,煮熟后取出即可食用。
黄独果的功效价值 , 保健身体 ...
黄独果虽然是一种中药,但也是一种营养价值很高的植物。它不仅含有天然还原糖、皂苷,还含有维生素A、维生素B、淀粉和蔗糖,对人体有益。这些物质对维持人体健康很重要,可以提高身体素质,预防许多疾病。
黄独果水果可以增强人体抗癌能力,因为这种植物的果实含有天然皂苷和多糖,可促进免疫球蛋白的合成,增强人体的自身免疫功能,抑制致癌物质在人体内的活动。经常服用它可以防止细胞癌恶化。
服用黄独果后,可改善甲状腺功能,预防甲状腺病变。它含有丰富的微量元素。该物质是维持人体甲状腺功能稳定的重要成分。预防因缺乏微量元素碘而引起的甲状腺肿和甲状腺功能减退。它还可以促进体内甲状腺激素的分泌,维持人体甲状腺激素对腺体健康有明显的好处。
果蔬百科全说 > 中药知识
黄独泡酒的功效与作用 ...
黄独怎么泡酒编辑:wangxue | 时间:2020-03-27 11:15:13
黄独是中国传统中药的一种,它是野生藤本植物的果实,在自然界中它有多个不同的名字,黄药子、黄药以及余薯都是人们对它的不同叫法,这种中药可以煎汤服用也能用来泡酒喝,用它泡出的药酒具有特别好的药用功效,接下来我会为大家介绍黄独泡酒有什么功效同时也会让在家知道黄独应该怎么泡酒。
黄独泡酒的功效与作用 ...
1、预防癌症
黄独泡酒能预防癌症发生,因为黄独中含有大量的甾体皂甙,这种物质在与白酒接触以后会增强活性,容易被人体吸收和利用,它能抑制人体内癌细胞的活性,并能阻止人体内致癌物质生成和降低人类癌症发病率,经常服用能增强人体自身的抗癌能力。
2、消炎杀菌
黄独泡酒还能消炎杀菌,因为黄独和白酒中都有一些能消灭真菌和敏感菌的物质,人们在服用它以后能抑制人体内皮肤真菌的活性,并能防止金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌在人体内滋生繁殖,人们经常服用它泡出的药酒能预防皮肤也能防止一些感染性疾病发生。
3、消肿解毒
黄独泡酒还能起到消肿解毒的重要作用,它能加快人体内毒素分解和代谢,对人类因热毒过多导致的皮肤红肿疼痛有明显治疗作用,另外它还能防止咽喉肿痛出现,除此以外它还能治疗毒蛇咬伤,在治疗时可以把黄独泡出的药酒直接外敷在患处。
黄独怎么泡酒 ...
黄独泡酒的方法并不复杂,在用它泡酒果把黄独和高度白酒按一比20的比例准备好,把黄独切碎以后,加白酒清洗一下,再把它放到大的干净玻璃瓶中,然后加入准备好的高度白酒用力摇匀,把玻璃瓶密封好放在阴凉通风的地方,浸泡30天以后,里面的药酒就能泡好,取出以后能直接口服也能外用。
黄独有多种不同的吃法,最常见的吃法就是把它洗净以后切碎加清水煎煮,煮好以后取出药液直接口服,他也能延续以后制成粉末直接口服,还可以经熬煮以后制成药膏供人们服用,只是它食用方法不同发挥的药用功效也会略有不同,大家在服用它时要根据自己的病情去选择正确的服用方法。
黄独的食用方法 ...
1、煎煮
煎煮以后服用是黄独最重要的食用方法,平时人们可以把黄独洗净以后直接放到锅中煎煮以后服用,每次用药量不要超过二十克,另外在煎煮黄独时还可以用黄酒煎煮,这样会让黄独煎好以后的功效更加出色。
2、泡酒
黄独还能用来泡酒喝,在用它泡酒的时候要准备五十克黄独和一千克白酒,白酒必须是纯粮酿制的高度白酒,把准备好的黄独用白酒冲洗一下,然后放到可以密封的干净玻璃瓶中,再加入准备好的白酒密封浸泡,泡好以后的药酒可以取出直接服用,它能增强人体抗癌能力也能防止癌症扩散。
3、外用
黄独不但能内服还能外用,平时人们不小心被毒蛇咬伤或者被疯狗咬伤后,都能用黄独来治疗,治疗时需要准备新鲜的黄独,把它洗净研碎制成泥状直接外敷在受伤的部位,能尽快解毒而且能让伤处出现的肿痛明显消退。
新鲜黄独果是植物黄独的成熟果实,是一种圆形的球形果,个头不大,有自然的香味,它能入药,是一种药用价值极高的中药材。那么新鲜的黄独果在成熟以后应该怎么吃呢?
新鲜的黄独果怎么吃 ...
1、新鲜的黄独果不能直接吃,因为它是一种带有毒性的存在,热卖直接吃它会吸收一些有毒成分,容易危害身体健康,会对身体造成不良影响,新鲜的黄独果最好经高温烹煮以后再吃,最好的吃法就是把它洗净以后加水煮制,开锅以后再煮十五分钟,煮好以后取出就能直接吃。
2、新鲜的黄独果虽然不能直接吃,却能用来泡酒喝,在用它泡酒的时想可以准备二百克新鲜黄独果,把它洗净以后晾干表面的水分直接放在大的干净玻璃瓶中,加入适量冰糖,放入高度白酒密封浸泡,在浸泡过程中要经常摇晃,大约过三十天,里面的黄独酒就能泡好,取出后可直接口服。
新鲜黄独果是植物黄独的成熟果实,是一种圆形的球形果,个头不大,有自然的香味,它能入药,是一种药用价值极高的中药材。那么新鲜的黄独果在成熟以后应该怎么吃呢?
黄独果的禁忌 ...
1、黄独果是一种性质寒凉的存在,生活中那些寒性体质的人群禁止服用黄独果,不然会让人体内的寒气增加,容易让人体出现一些不良反应,严重时会出现腹痛冷痛和胃寒以及畏寒怕冷等多种不良反应。
2、黄独果禁止过量食用,因为这种植物果实中有一些天然的毒性成,人们过量服用会引发中毒,会让口腔出现明显的烧灼感,也会让人们出现恶心呕吐和腹泻等多种不良反应会,这时必须停止服用,中毒症状严重的人还要进行必要的解毒处理。
黄独是一种野生藤本植物,这种植物在秋天能结出球形的果实,它在采集以后能入药,是一种药用价值极高的中药材,但它也带有一定的毒性,人们不能盲目服用黄独果实不然会对人体健康造成一定危害。
黄独果实的作用与功效 ..
1、保健身体
黄独果实虽然是一种中药材,但也是一种营养价值极高的存在,它不但含有天然的还原糖和皂苷,还含有维生素a维生素b和淀粉以及蔗糖等对人体有益的营养成分,这些物质是维持人体健康的重要存在,它们能增强身体素质也能预防多种疾病发生。
2、预防癌症
黄独果实能增强人体自身的抗癌能力,因为这种植物果实中含有天然皂苷和多糖,它们将有人体后能促进免疫球蛋白合成病能增强人体自身免疫功能,也能抑制人体内致癌物质的活性,经常服用能预防细胞癌变也能防止癌症病情恶化。
3、防止甲状腺病变
人们服用黄独果实以后还能提高甲状腺功能,防止甲状腺出现病变,它含有丰富的微量元素,点这种物质是维持人体甲状腺功能稳定的重要成分,能防止人类因缺少微量元素碘而出现甲状腺肿大和甲状腺功能减退,它还能促进身体内甲状腺激素分泌,对维持人类甲状腺健康有很明显的好处。
4、止血
黄独果实入药以后还能上血而且止血效果特别好,人们出现咳血吐血以及大便带血等疾病时,直接用它煎水服用就能尽快止血,另外人们出现外伤出血时,把它捣成泥人床外敷在伤处也能尽快止血。
黄独是一种药用植物,以野生为主多生长在山林的荒地中,这种植物的叶子根和果实都能入药。
黄独根茎的功效与作用 ...
1、解毒消肿
黄独根茎是一种能解毒消肿的中药材,他对人类中毒后出现了肿痛有特别好的治疗作用,特别是人们不小心被毒蛇咬伤或被疯狗咬伤后,能把它严重扭转,直接外敷在伤处,就能让身体内的毒素尽快分解排除,并能让肿痛消退,也能让人体出现的中毒症状明显减轻。
2、化痰止咳
黄独根茎还能入肺经,可提高人类肺部呼吸功能,并能消除肺部炎症,而且它能吸食人体内的痰液,可起到明显止咳作用,对人类的咳嗽痰多和白日咳以及哮喘,呼吸急促等症都有一定缓解作用,在需要的时候可以直接把它切碎后加清水煎煮服用。
3、止血
黄独根茎入药后具有特别好的止血能力,它能清热凉血,也能缩短人体凝血时间,在人们出现咳血吐血以及其他慢性出血性疾病时,多服用一些黄独根茎就能尽快止血,能让患者病情明显减轻。
4、清热解毒
黄独根茎是一种性质寒凉的中药材,清热解毒是它的主要功效,人们服用它以后能防止热毒对人体产生伤害也能预防多种上火症状发生,平时它特别适合那些热性体质人人群服用,能防止人体因热毒过多而出现疾病。
The genus Dioscorea comprises of approximately 600 species. It is native to Africa, Asia and northern Australia. It is widely cultivated and has become naturalized in many regions (Latin America, the West Indies, the Southeastern United States, and various oceanic islands).
Dioscorea bulbifera is a perennial vine with broad, alternate leaves, and two types of storage organs. The plant forms bulbils in the leaf axils of the twining stems, and tubers beneath the ground. These tubers are like small, oblong potatoes. Some varieties are edible and cultivated as a food crop, especially in West Africa and while others are poisonous.
Edible species of Dioscorea have opposite leaves whilst poisonous species have alternate leaves. The aerial bulbs of this species contain toxic substances, including the alkaloid dioscorine. This can be destroyed by thorough cooking. Asiatic forms of the plant usually contain less alkaloids than plants originating in Africa. There are forms that are almost or entirely free of toxins. (Parts of plant are poisonous if ingested)
The tubers of edible varieties often have a bitter taste, which can be removed by boiling. They can then be prepared in the same way as other yams, potatoes, and sweet potatoes.
Air potato can grow extremely quickly, roughly 8 inches per day, and eventually reach over 60 ft long. It typically climbs to the tops of trees and has a tendency to take over native plants. New plants develop from bulbils that form on the plant, and these bulbils serve as a means of dispersal. The aerial stems of air potato die back in winter, but resprouting occurs from bulbils and underground tubers.
The primary means of spread and reproduction are by the bulbils. The smallest bulbils make control of air potato difficult due to their ability to sprout at a very small stage. The vine produces small white flowers and the fruits are capsules.
Air potato has been used as a folk remedy to treat conjunctivitis, diarrhoea, and dysentery, among other ailments.
Root juice is taken to expel threadworm. Fruits are used to treat boils and fevers.
D. bulbifera is highly important to the Tiwi people of Australia, who use it in an important ceremony called kulama. During the ceremony, the tubers are ritually cooked, and eaten on the third day.
Toxicity :
Uncultivated forms, such as those found growing wild can be poisonous. These varieties contain the steroid diosgenin, which is a principal material used in the manufacture of a number of synthetic steroidal hormones, such as those used in hormonal contraception. There have been claims that even the wild forms are rendered edible after drying and boiling, leading to confusion over actual toxicity.
In some places it is considered a noxious weed because of its quick-growing, large-leafed vine that spreads tenaciously and shades out any plants growing beneath it. The bulbils on the vines sprout and become new vines, twisting around each other to form a thick mat. If the plant is cut to the ground, the tubers can survive for extended periods and send up new shoots later.
The leaf beetle Lilioceris cheni has been studied and employed as an agent of biological pest control for the plant.
Aerial tubers - cooked. An agreeable taste, they can be boiled, baked, fried etc. They must be thoroughly cooked in order to destroy toxic alkaloids.
Wild forms of the plant are always toxic raw, though selected cultivars have been developed that are much lower, or even free from, the toxins.
The tubers are produced, and can be harvested, over a long period of time. Root - cooked. Roots are usually around 0.5kg, though they can be up to 1.5kg. They are not always produced by the plants. The inflorescences are apparently eaten.
The juice of the roots is taken to expel threadworm. The juice is dripped into wounds to expel worms and germs.
Both the tuber and the bulbil of wild races have medicinal uses. In particular they are used externally, usually as a poultice, to treat wounds, sores, boils and inflammations; in dressings for treating dermal parasitic and fungal infections; or crushed, mixed with palm oil, and massaged onto areas of rheumatism, and for troubles of the breasts and for jiggers. In India the tuber is considered to be diuretic and to be a remedy for diarrhoea and haemorrhoids.
The fruits are used to treat boils and for fever.
Sap expressed from the vine stems is applied to treat purulent ophthalmia, and for snake-bite.
The leaves are used, often by steam-distillation, against pink-eye. Various medically active substances have been detected in the plant.
Dioscorine has been detected in the tuber, though certain Nigerian material has been reported free of the alkaloid. Alkaloids have been reported from the leaves and stems and particularly in the fruits. Diosgenin has been detected at 0?45% concentration. Saponin is present and a number of other pharmacologically active substances.
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Dioscoreales
Family: Dioscoreaceae
Genus: Dioscorea
Species: D. bulbifera
Binomial name Dioscorea bulbifera
黄独别名黄药子、黄药根、土芋,为薯蓣科薯蓣属多年生草本植物。
黄独为缠绕草质藤本。块茎卵圆形或长圆形,长在土表,棕褐色,表面密生细长须根;叶片呈宽卵状心形或卵状心形,先端尾状渐尖,边缘全缘或微波状。黄独分布在我国多为野生,主要生长在河谷边、山谷阴沟和杂木林边缘。
黄独的肉质块茎可入药,味苦、性平,具有散结消瘿、清热解毒、凉血降火的功效。黄独作为传统中药,主治咽喉肿痛、无名肿毒、蛇虫咬伤等病症。
黄独除了可以治疗以上症状,还具有多重药理作用。现代药理实验研究表明,黄独对缺碘引起的甲状腺肿大有明显的治疗作用,能使甲状腺重量减轻;黄独具有抗菌作用,体外抗菌实验表明,黄独水浸剂(1∶3)在其20%至40%浓度内对多种皮肤真菌有不同程度的抑制作用。除此之外,临床还用黄独治疗百日咳、痢疾、银屑病、乳腺增生和宫颈炎等症。
虽然黄独具有很高的医用价值,但它也有很强的毒性。黄独的毒性主要表现为对肝肾的损伤,损伤程度与给药剂量和时间密切相关。服用过量可能会引起恶心、呕吐、腹痛、中毒性肝炎等,严重可导致死亡。黄独对肝脏的损伤在短时间内即表现出来,表现为脂肪样变、嗜酸样变性、小灶性坏死或片状坏死。而对肾脏的损害需较长时间才能表现出来。表现为肾血管扩张充血,肾小囊内可见到红细胞。因此,服用黄独一定要注意剂量遵医嘱,避免出现中毒现象。
黄独果是一种药材,它的果实还有很高的食用价值。
新鲜的黄独果不能直接食用,因为它是一种有毒物质。如果直接食用会吸收一些有毒成分,很容易损害健康,对身体造成不良影响。食用新鲜黄独果的最佳方法是将其洗净,加水,煮15分钟,煮熟后取出即可食用。
黄独果的功效价值 , 保健身体 ...
黄独果虽然是一种中药,但也是一种营养价值很高的植物。它不仅含有天然还原糖、皂苷,还含有维生素A、维生素B、淀粉和蔗糖,对人体有益。这些物质对维持人体健康很重要,可以提高身体素质,预防许多疾病。
黄独果水果可以增强人体抗癌能力,因为这种植物的果实含有天然皂苷和多糖,可促进免疫球蛋白的合成,增强人体的自身免疫功能,抑制致癌物质在人体内的活动。经常服用它可以防止细胞癌恶化。
服用黄独果后,可改善甲状腺功能,预防甲状腺病变。它含有丰富的微量元素。该物质是维持人体甲状腺功能稳定的重要成分。预防因缺乏微量元素碘而引起的甲状腺肿和甲状腺功能减退。它还可以促进体内甲状腺激素的分泌,维持人体甲状腺激素对腺体健康有明显的好处。
果蔬百科全说 > 中药知识
黄独泡酒的功效与作用 ...
黄独怎么泡酒编辑:wangxue | 时间:2020-03-27 11:15:13
黄独是中国传统中药的一种,它是野生藤本植物的果实,在自然界中它有多个不同的名字,黄药子、黄药以及余薯都是人们对它的不同叫法,这种中药可以煎汤服用也能用来泡酒喝,用它泡出的药酒具有特别好的药用功效,接下来我会为大家介绍黄独泡酒有什么功效同时也会让在家知道黄独应该怎么泡酒。
黄独泡酒的功效与作用 ...
1、预防癌症
黄独泡酒能预防癌症发生,因为黄独中含有大量的甾体皂甙,这种物质在与白酒接触以后会增强活性,容易被人体吸收和利用,它能抑制人体内癌细胞的活性,并能阻止人体内致癌物质生成和降低人类癌症发病率,经常服用能增强人体自身的抗癌能力。
2、消炎杀菌
黄独泡酒还能消炎杀菌,因为黄独和白酒中都有一些能消灭真菌和敏感菌的物质,人们在服用它以后能抑制人体内皮肤真菌的活性,并能防止金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌在人体内滋生繁殖,人们经常服用它泡出的药酒能预防皮肤也能防止一些感染性疾病发生。
3、消肿解毒
黄独泡酒还能起到消肿解毒的重要作用,它能加快人体内毒素分解和代谢,对人类因热毒过多导致的皮肤红肿疼痛有明显治疗作用,另外它还能防止咽喉肿痛出现,除此以外它还能治疗毒蛇咬伤,在治疗时可以把黄独泡出的药酒直接外敷在患处。
黄独怎么泡酒 ...
黄独泡酒的方法并不复杂,在用它泡酒果把黄独和高度白酒按一比20的比例准备好,把黄独切碎以后,加白酒清洗一下,再把它放到大的干净玻璃瓶中,然后加入准备好的高度白酒用力摇匀,把玻璃瓶密封好放在阴凉通风的地方,浸泡30天以后,里面的药酒就能泡好,取出以后能直接口服也能外用。
黄独有多种不同的吃法,最常见的吃法就是把它洗净以后切碎加清水煎煮,煮好以后取出药液直接口服,他也能延续以后制成粉末直接口服,还可以经熬煮以后制成药膏供人们服用,只是它食用方法不同发挥的药用功效也会略有不同,大家在服用它时要根据自己的病情去选择正确的服用方法。
黄独的食用方法 ...
1、煎煮
煎煮以后服用是黄独最重要的食用方法,平时人们可以把黄独洗净以后直接放到锅中煎煮以后服用,每次用药量不要超过二十克,另外在煎煮黄独时还可以用黄酒煎煮,这样会让黄独煎好以后的功效更加出色。
2、泡酒
黄独还能用来泡酒喝,在用它泡酒的时候要准备五十克黄独和一千克白酒,白酒必须是纯粮酿制的高度白酒,把准备好的黄独用白酒冲洗一下,然后放到可以密封的干净玻璃瓶中,再加入准备好的白酒密封浸泡,泡好以后的药酒可以取出直接服用,它能增强人体抗癌能力也能防止癌症扩散。
3、外用
黄独不但能内服还能外用,平时人们不小心被毒蛇咬伤或者被疯狗咬伤后,都能用黄独来治疗,治疗时需要准备新鲜的黄独,把它洗净研碎制成泥状直接外敷在受伤的部位,能尽快解毒而且能让伤处出现的肿痛明显消退。
新鲜黄独果是植物黄独的成熟果实,是一种圆形的球形果,个头不大,有自然的香味,它能入药,是一种药用价值极高的中药材。那么新鲜的黄独果在成熟以后应该怎么吃呢?
新鲜的黄独果怎么吃 ...
1、新鲜的黄独果不能直接吃,因为它是一种带有毒性的存在,热卖直接吃它会吸收一些有毒成分,容易危害身体健康,会对身体造成不良影响,新鲜的黄独果最好经高温烹煮以后再吃,最好的吃法就是把它洗净以后加水煮制,开锅以后再煮十五分钟,煮好以后取出就能直接吃。
2、新鲜的黄独果虽然不能直接吃,却能用来泡酒喝,在用它泡酒的时想可以准备二百克新鲜黄独果,把它洗净以后晾干表面的水分直接放在大的干净玻璃瓶中,加入适量冰糖,放入高度白酒密封浸泡,在浸泡过程中要经常摇晃,大约过三十天,里面的黄独酒就能泡好,取出后可直接口服。
新鲜黄独果是植物黄独的成熟果实,是一种圆形的球形果,个头不大,有自然的香味,它能入药,是一种药用价值极高的中药材。那么新鲜的黄独果在成熟以后应该怎么吃呢?
黄独果的禁忌 ...
1、黄独果是一种性质寒凉的存在,生活中那些寒性体质的人群禁止服用黄独果,不然会让人体内的寒气增加,容易让人体出现一些不良反应,严重时会出现腹痛冷痛和胃寒以及畏寒怕冷等多种不良反应。
2、黄独果禁止过量食用,因为这种植物果实中有一些天然的毒性成,人们过量服用会引发中毒,会让口腔出现明显的烧灼感,也会让人们出现恶心呕吐和腹泻等多种不良反应会,这时必须停止服用,中毒症状严重的人还要进行必要的解毒处理。
黄独是一种野生藤本植物,这种植物在秋天能结出球形的果实,它在采集以后能入药,是一种药用价值极高的中药材,但它也带有一定的毒性,人们不能盲目服用黄独果实不然会对人体健康造成一定危害。
黄独果实的作用与功效 ..
1、保健身体
黄独果实虽然是一种中药材,但也是一种营养价值极高的存在,它不但含有天然的还原糖和皂苷,还含有维生素a维生素b和淀粉以及蔗糖等对人体有益的营养成分,这些物质是维持人体健康的重要存在,它们能增强身体素质也能预防多种疾病发生。
2、预防癌症
黄独果实能增强人体自身的抗癌能力,因为这种植物果实中含有天然皂苷和多糖,它们将有人体后能促进免疫球蛋白合成病能增强人体自身免疫功能,也能抑制人体内致癌物质的活性,经常服用能预防细胞癌变也能防止癌症病情恶化。
3、防止甲状腺病变
人们服用黄独果实以后还能提高甲状腺功能,防止甲状腺出现病变,它含有丰富的微量元素,点这种物质是维持人体甲状腺功能稳定的重要成分,能防止人类因缺少微量元素碘而出现甲状腺肿大和甲状腺功能减退,它还能促进身体内甲状腺激素分泌,对维持人类甲状腺健康有很明显的好处。
4、止血
黄独果实入药以后还能上血而且止血效果特别好,人们出现咳血吐血以及大便带血等疾病时,直接用它煎水服用就能尽快止血,另外人们出现外伤出血时,把它捣成泥人床外敷在伤处也能尽快止血。
黄独是一种药用植物,以野生为主多生长在山林的荒地中,这种植物的叶子根和果实都能入药。
黄独根茎的功效与作用 ...
1、解毒消肿
黄独根茎是一种能解毒消肿的中药材,他对人类中毒后出现了肿痛有特别好的治疗作用,特别是人们不小心被毒蛇咬伤或被疯狗咬伤后,能把它严重扭转,直接外敷在伤处,就能让身体内的毒素尽快分解排除,并能让肿痛消退,也能让人体出现的中毒症状明显减轻。
2、化痰止咳
黄独根茎还能入肺经,可提高人类肺部呼吸功能,并能消除肺部炎症,而且它能吸食人体内的痰液,可起到明显止咳作用,对人类的咳嗽痰多和白日咳以及哮喘,呼吸急促等症都有一定缓解作用,在需要的时候可以直接把它切碎后加清水煎煮服用。
3、止血
黄独根茎入药后具有特别好的止血能力,它能清热凉血,也能缩短人体凝血时间,在人们出现咳血吐血以及其他慢性出血性疾病时,多服用一些黄独根茎就能尽快止血,能让患者病情明显减轻。
4、清热解毒
黄独根茎是一种性质寒凉的中药材,清热解毒是它的主要功效,人们服用它以后能防止热毒对人体产生伤害也能预防多种上火症状发生,平时它特别适合那些热性体质人人群服用,能防止人体因热毒过多而出现疾病。
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis,
大红花—朱槿
大红花—朱槿
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, known colloquially as Chinese hibiscus, China rose, Hawaiian hibiscus, rose mallow and shoeblack plant, is a species of tropical hibiscus, a flowering plant in the Hibisceae tribe of the family Malvaceae.
It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, but is not known in the wild, so that its native distribution is uncertain. An origin in some part of tropical Asia is likely. It is widely grown as an ornamental plant in the tropics and subtropics.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is a bushy, evergreen shrub or small tree growing 2.5–5 m (8–16 ft) tall and 1.5–3 m (5–10 ft) wide, with glossy leaves and solitary, brilliant red flowers in summer and autumn. The five-petaled flowers are 10 cm (4 in) in diameter, with prominent orange-tipped red anthers. Cultivars and hybrids have flowers in a variety of colors as well as red: white to pink, orange, peach, yellow and purple. Some have double flowers.
At the bottom of every hibiscus bud is the calyx which is green in color. The pointed ends of the calyx are the sepals. When the hibiscus begins to bloom, the petals begin to grow which contains multiple petals and multiple colors. The ovary and other female parts of the flower lie in the main structure of the hibiscus, the pistil, which is long and tubular.
The hibiscus has both male and female parts on the same flower. The five hairy red spots on the top of the flower is the stigma (female part) of the flower. The stigma is located at the end of the style branch. At the top of the pistil is known as the stigma, where pollen is collected, and in the middle is the style, which is the section that the pollen travels down to the ovary. The ovary lies at the bottom of the blossom and the hibiscus has only one ovary which is superior.
The male part (stamen) of the flower consists of stem-like filaments and each filament ends with the pollen-producing anther. The anthers, which release the pollen, sits on the filament and these two organs make up the stamen, the male part of the flower. Overall, the hibiscus is a dicot, with solitary (axillary), complete, perfect flowers, which have a superior ovary, regular symmetry, and axile placentation. They have five carpels, five locules, five sepals, and the number of stamens may vary.
The root is a branched tap root. The stem is aerial, erect, green, cylindrical and branched. The leaf is simple, with alternate phyllotaxy and is petiolate. The leaf shape is ovate, the tip is acute and margin is serrated. Venation is unicostate reticulate. (Venation is branched or divergent.) Free lateral stipules are present.
The flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis are edible and are used in salads in the Pacific Islands. The flower is additionally used in hair care as a preparation. It is also used to shine shoes in certain parts of India. It can also be used as a pH indicator.
When used, the flower turns acidic solutions to a dark pink or magenta color and basic solutions to green. It is also used for the worship of Devi, and the red variety is especially prominent, having an important part in tantra.
In the Bengal area of eastern India, the red variety of this flower is used to worship Kali. In Indonesia, these flowers are called "kembang sepatu", which literally means "shoe flower". In several countries the flowers are dried to use in a beverage, usually tea.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is considered to have a number of medical uses in Chinese herbology. Traditional uses in China have been to make a black shoe-polish from its flower petals, or to make a woman's black hair dye.
The flowers are also used in parts of China to color various intoxicating liquors. The plant may have some potential in cosmetic skin care; for example, an extract from the flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has been shown to function as an anti-solar agent by absorbing ultraviolet radiation.
Hibiscus tea is an herbal tea made as an infusion from crimson or deep magenta-colored calyces (sepals) of the roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) flower. It is consumed both hot and cold. It has a tart, cranberry-like flavor.
The roselle hibiscus used to make the tea likely originated in Africa. In Africa, hibiscus tea is commonly sold in markets and the dried flowers can be found throughout West and East Africa.
Variations on the drink are popular in West Africa and parts of Central Africa. In Senegal, bissap is known as the "national drink of Senegal". Hibiscus tea is often flavored with mint or ginger in West Africa. In Ghana it is known as "sobolo", and "zobo" in Nigeria.
Karkadé is served hot or chilled with ice. It is consumed in some parts of North Africa, especially in Egypt and Sudan. In Egypt and Sudan, wedding celebrations are traditionally toasted with a glass of hibiscus tea. On a typical street in central Cairo, many vendors and open-air cafés sell the drink.
In Thailand, most commonly, roselle is prepared as a cold beverage, heavily sweetened and poured over ice, similar to sweetened fruit juices. Plastic bags filled with ice and sweetened 'grajeab' can be found outside of most schools and in local markets. It is less commonly made into a wine, sometimes combined with Chinese tea leaves, in the ratio of 4:1 by weight (1/5 Chinese tea). The beverage is consumed in Malaysia, Cambodia and Indonesia as well.
Reviews have concluded that hibiscus tea consumption appears to modestly lower blood pressure in people with high blood pressure. Hibiscus tea was generally well tolerated, and did not adversely affect liver or kidney function at lower doses, but may be hepatotoxic at high doses.
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Malvoideae
Tribe: Hibisceae
Genus: Hibiscus
Species: H. rosa-sinensis
Binomial nameHibiscus rosa-sinensis
L.
大红花—朱槿
《朱槿花》描述了朱槿在华南四时花开花落的风姿与色彩。朱槿为广西南宁市、广东茂名市的市花。由于花色大多为红色,中国岭南一带将之俗称为“大红花”,而“大红花”也是马来西亚华人对马来西亚国花——班加拉亚,即其中一种红色朱槿的称呼。
朱槿(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.),又名扶桑、大红花、佛槿,锦葵科(Malvaceae)常绿灌木,高约1-3米;小枝圆柱形,疏被星状柔毛。叶阔卵形或狭卵形,两面除背面沿脉上有少许疏毛外均无毛。花单生于上部叶腋间,常下垂;花冠漏斗形,直径6-10厘米,玫瑰红色或淡红、淡黄等色,花瓣5枚,倒卵形,边缘不整齐,有时为重瓣,外面疏被柔毛。雄蕊管长于花瓣,长长伸出。蒴果卵形,长约2.5厘米,平滑无毛,有喙。花期全年。
朱槿原产地中国,福建、台湾、广西、云南、四川均有栽培,在古代就是一种受欢迎的观赏性植物,西晋时期的著作《南方草木状》中就已出现朱槿的记载。花大形美,花色鲜艳,四季常开,主供园林观赏用。如今,朱槿已成为世界名花,品种繁多,四季开花不绝,全世界有3000多个品种。在全世界,尤其是热带及亚热带地区多有种植。
可高达6米,栽种于花园庭院中的一般被人修剪至1米多高左右。朱槿茎直而多分枝,叶绿色,互生,叶形为阔卵形至狭卵形,与桑叶相似,叶缘有粗锯齿或缺刻。花体积大,花柄有下垂或直上二种,花单生于上部叶腋间,花的特色为有一长花丝筒于花中心长出,花色有多种颜色呈现,花期全年,夏秋最盛。
叶有叶柄,叶形为阔卵形至狭卵形,与桑叶相似,先端突尖或渐尖,叶缘有粗锯齿或缺刻,长约7~10厘米,具3主脉,成熟的叶子浓绿色、有光泽。由于朱槿的叶形像桑叶,所以有扶桑之名。
茎多分枝,嫩枝上披有柔毛(pubescent),成熟的时候无毛,叶片的反面有时也有软毛,花卉细看都会有软毛,尤其花柱端为沾黏花粉微细软毛特发达。
朱槿的叶有营养价值,在欧美,其嫩叶有时候被当成菠菜的代替品。而朱槿花也有被制成腌菜,以及用于染色蜜饯和其他食物。根部也可食用,但因为纤维多且带粘液,较少人食用。
公元869年唐朝段公路编撰《北户录》一书,其中〈红梅〉篇叙述:“岭南之梅,小于江左,居人采之,杂以朱槿花,和盐曝之,梅为槿花所染,其色可爱。又有选大梅,刻镂瓶罐结带之类,取棹汁渍之,亦甚甘脆。”这是最早记载朱槿用于染色蜜饯和其他食物的文献,描述古人的智慧,会采用不同颜色的朱槿花做为天然染色剂,制成我们以前在柑仔店买的红黄等色的梅及橄榄之蜜饯。
朱槿的茎皮纤维可搓绳索、织麻袋、造粗布、网及纸张等。
《本草纲目》对朱槿的介绍不多,只认为朱槿“甘,平,无毒。”,而主治方面只有“痈疽腮肿,取叶或花,同白芙蓉叶、牛旁叶、白蜜研膏傅之,即散。”
其实朱槿的花,叶,茎,根都可药用,中医主要使用根部。
叶、茎及根可四季采收,花季采花。采后去泥土杂质,晒干备用(茎及根切片),或用鲜品。用于调经、腮腺炎或关节炎则酒炒应用。通常作汤剂或炖剂。外用则以鲜花或叶捣烂敷患部。
朱槿的花在花季时采,采后去泥土等杂质,可晒干备用或用鲜品,通常作汤剂或炖剂。外用可以鲜花捣烂敷患部。
朱槿的花含棉花素、槲皮苷、山奈醇、醋类、矢车菊葡萄糖苷、秸液质、维生素。
在中医而言,朱槿的花性味甘寒,有凉血、解毒、利尿、消肿、清肺、化痰等功效,适用于急性结膜炎、尿路感染、鼻血、月经不调、肺热咳嗽、腮腺炎、乳腺炎、等病症。
朱槿的叶及茎四季可采,采后去泥土等杂质,可晒干备用或用鲜品,茎需切片,外用则以鲜叶捣烂敷患部。
朱槿的叶及茎含萨壳固醇、蒲公英甾醇、乙酸酯类及酶等。
朱槿的叶主要用于治理皮肤生疮。
朱槿的根四季可采,采后去泥土等杂质,可晒干备用,根需切片。
朱槿的根含支鞣质,功效与花类似,是中医主要的药用部分。
It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, but is not known in the wild, so that its native distribution is uncertain. An origin in some part of tropical Asia is likely. It is widely grown as an ornamental plant in the tropics and subtropics.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is a bushy, evergreen shrub or small tree growing 2.5–5 m (8–16 ft) tall and 1.5–3 m (5–10 ft) wide, with glossy leaves and solitary, brilliant red flowers in summer and autumn. The five-petaled flowers are 10 cm (4 in) in diameter, with prominent orange-tipped red anthers. Cultivars and hybrids have flowers in a variety of colors as well as red: white to pink, orange, peach, yellow and purple. Some have double flowers.
At the bottom of every hibiscus bud is the calyx which is green in color. The pointed ends of the calyx are the sepals. When the hibiscus begins to bloom, the petals begin to grow which contains multiple petals and multiple colors. The ovary and other female parts of the flower lie in the main structure of the hibiscus, the pistil, which is long and tubular.
The hibiscus has both male and female parts on the same flower. The five hairy red spots on the top of the flower is the stigma (female part) of the flower. The stigma is located at the end of the style branch. At the top of the pistil is known as the stigma, where pollen is collected, and in the middle is the style, which is the section that the pollen travels down to the ovary. The ovary lies at the bottom of the blossom and the hibiscus has only one ovary which is superior.
The male part (stamen) of the flower consists of stem-like filaments and each filament ends with the pollen-producing anther. The anthers, which release the pollen, sits on the filament and these two organs make up the stamen, the male part of the flower. Overall, the hibiscus is a dicot, with solitary (axillary), complete, perfect flowers, which have a superior ovary, regular symmetry, and axile placentation. They have five carpels, five locules, five sepals, and the number of stamens may vary.
The root is a branched tap root. The stem is aerial, erect, green, cylindrical and branched. The leaf is simple, with alternate phyllotaxy and is petiolate. The leaf shape is ovate, the tip is acute and margin is serrated. Venation is unicostate reticulate. (Venation is branched or divergent.) Free lateral stipules are present.
The flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis are edible and are used in salads in the Pacific Islands. The flower is additionally used in hair care as a preparation. It is also used to shine shoes in certain parts of India. It can also be used as a pH indicator.
When used, the flower turns acidic solutions to a dark pink or magenta color and basic solutions to green. It is also used for the worship of Devi, and the red variety is especially prominent, having an important part in tantra.
In the Bengal area of eastern India, the red variety of this flower is used to worship Kali. In Indonesia, these flowers are called "kembang sepatu", which literally means "shoe flower". In several countries the flowers are dried to use in a beverage, usually tea.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is considered to have a number of medical uses in Chinese herbology. Traditional uses in China have been to make a black shoe-polish from its flower petals, or to make a woman's black hair dye.
The flowers are also used in parts of China to color various intoxicating liquors. The plant may have some potential in cosmetic skin care; for example, an extract from the flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has been shown to function as an anti-solar agent by absorbing ultraviolet radiation.
Hibiscus tea is an herbal tea made as an infusion from crimson or deep magenta-colored calyces (sepals) of the roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) flower. It is consumed both hot and cold. It has a tart, cranberry-like flavor.
The roselle hibiscus used to make the tea likely originated in Africa. In Africa, hibiscus tea is commonly sold in markets and the dried flowers can be found throughout West and East Africa.
Variations on the drink are popular in West Africa and parts of Central Africa. In Senegal, bissap is known as the "national drink of Senegal". Hibiscus tea is often flavored with mint or ginger in West Africa. In Ghana it is known as "sobolo", and "zobo" in Nigeria.
Karkadé is served hot or chilled with ice. It is consumed in some parts of North Africa, especially in Egypt and Sudan. In Egypt and Sudan, wedding celebrations are traditionally toasted with a glass of hibiscus tea. On a typical street in central Cairo, many vendors and open-air cafés sell the drink.
In Thailand, most commonly, roselle is prepared as a cold beverage, heavily sweetened and poured over ice, similar to sweetened fruit juices. Plastic bags filled with ice and sweetened 'grajeab' can be found outside of most schools and in local markets. It is less commonly made into a wine, sometimes combined with Chinese tea leaves, in the ratio of 4:1 by weight (1/5 Chinese tea). The beverage is consumed in Malaysia, Cambodia and Indonesia as well.
Reviews have concluded that hibiscus tea consumption appears to modestly lower blood pressure in people with high blood pressure. Hibiscus tea was generally well tolerated, and did not adversely affect liver or kidney function at lower doses, but may be hepatotoxic at high doses.
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Malvoideae
Tribe: Hibisceae
Genus: Hibiscus
Species: H. rosa-sinensis
Binomial nameHibiscus rosa-sinensis
L.
大红花—朱槿
《朱槿花》描述了朱槿在华南四时花开花落的风姿与色彩。朱槿为广西南宁市、广东茂名市的市花。由于花色大多为红色,中国岭南一带将之俗称为“大红花”,而“大红花”也是马来西亚华人对马来西亚国花——班加拉亚,即其中一种红色朱槿的称呼。
朱槿(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.),又名扶桑、大红花、佛槿,锦葵科(Malvaceae)常绿灌木,高约1-3米;小枝圆柱形,疏被星状柔毛。叶阔卵形或狭卵形,两面除背面沿脉上有少许疏毛外均无毛。花单生于上部叶腋间,常下垂;花冠漏斗形,直径6-10厘米,玫瑰红色或淡红、淡黄等色,花瓣5枚,倒卵形,边缘不整齐,有时为重瓣,外面疏被柔毛。雄蕊管长于花瓣,长长伸出。蒴果卵形,长约2.5厘米,平滑无毛,有喙。花期全年。
朱槿原产地中国,福建、台湾、广西、云南、四川均有栽培,在古代就是一种受欢迎的观赏性植物,西晋时期的著作《南方草木状》中就已出现朱槿的记载。花大形美,花色鲜艳,四季常开,主供园林观赏用。如今,朱槿已成为世界名花,品种繁多,四季开花不绝,全世界有3000多个品种。在全世界,尤其是热带及亚热带地区多有种植。
可高达6米,栽种于花园庭院中的一般被人修剪至1米多高左右。朱槿茎直而多分枝,叶绿色,互生,叶形为阔卵形至狭卵形,与桑叶相似,叶缘有粗锯齿或缺刻。花体积大,花柄有下垂或直上二种,花单生于上部叶腋间,花的特色为有一长花丝筒于花中心长出,花色有多种颜色呈现,花期全年,夏秋最盛。
叶有叶柄,叶形为阔卵形至狭卵形,与桑叶相似,先端突尖或渐尖,叶缘有粗锯齿或缺刻,长约7~10厘米,具3主脉,成熟的叶子浓绿色、有光泽。由于朱槿的叶形像桑叶,所以有扶桑之名。
茎多分枝,嫩枝上披有柔毛(pubescent),成熟的时候无毛,叶片的反面有时也有软毛,花卉细看都会有软毛,尤其花柱端为沾黏花粉微细软毛特发达。
朱槿的叶有营养价值,在欧美,其嫩叶有时候被当成菠菜的代替品。而朱槿花也有被制成腌菜,以及用于染色蜜饯和其他食物。根部也可食用,但因为纤维多且带粘液,较少人食用。
公元869年唐朝段公路编撰《北户录》一书,其中〈红梅〉篇叙述:“岭南之梅,小于江左,居人采之,杂以朱槿花,和盐曝之,梅为槿花所染,其色可爱。又有选大梅,刻镂瓶罐结带之类,取棹汁渍之,亦甚甘脆。”这是最早记载朱槿用于染色蜜饯和其他食物的文献,描述古人的智慧,会采用不同颜色的朱槿花做为天然染色剂,制成我们以前在柑仔店买的红黄等色的梅及橄榄之蜜饯。
朱槿的茎皮纤维可搓绳索、织麻袋、造粗布、网及纸张等。
《本草纲目》对朱槿的介绍不多,只认为朱槿“甘,平,无毒。”,而主治方面只有“痈疽腮肿,取叶或花,同白芙蓉叶、牛旁叶、白蜜研膏傅之,即散。”
其实朱槿的花,叶,茎,根都可药用,中医主要使用根部。
叶、茎及根可四季采收,花季采花。采后去泥土杂质,晒干备用(茎及根切片),或用鲜品。用于调经、腮腺炎或关节炎则酒炒应用。通常作汤剂或炖剂。外用则以鲜花或叶捣烂敷患部。
朱槿的花在花季时采,采后去泥土等杂质,可晒干备用或用鲜品,通常作汤剂或炖剂。外用可以鲜花捣烂敷患部。
朱槿的花含棉花素、槲皮苷、山奈醇、醋类、矢车菊葡萄糖苷、秸液质、维生素。
在中医而言,朱槿的花性味甘寒,有凉血、解毒、利尿、消肿、清肺、化痰等功效,适用于急性结膜炎、尿路感染、鼻血、月经不调、肺热咳嗽、腮腺炎、乳腺炎、等病症。
朱槿的叶及茎四季可采,采后去泥土等杂质,可晒干备用或用鲜品,茎需切片,外用则以鲜叶捣烂敷患部。
朱槿的叶及茎含萨壳固醇、蒲公英甾醇、乙酸酯类及酶等。
朱槿的叶主要用于治理皮肤生疮。
朱槿的根四季可采,采后去泥土等杂质,可晒干备用,根需切片。
朱槿的根含支鞣质,功效与花类似,是中医主要的药用部分。
Kyllinga brevifolia
Jin Niu Cao, Shui Wu Gong 水蜈蚣
Jin Niu Cao, Shui Wu Gong 水蜈蚣
Kyllinga, also known as Cyperus kyllinga is an interesting sedge which just never seems to quit. Fortunately for us it has a multitude of uses.
The Chinese call Kyllinga “shui wu gong” and use it for common colds, bronchitis, malaria, arthritis, and injuries.
The sedge family tends to be very aromatic and good for the digestion. Kyllinga is used for diarrhea in Malaysia, stomach and intestinal problems in India, and for dysentery in China.
Either the white headed or the green headed variety can be used. Kyllinga leaves are glossier than turfgrass leaves. Also, they have a distinctive "minty sweet" scent when leaves are mowed or crushed.
Kyllinga is used in various places in Polynesia for joint pain and rheumatic problems. Sedges are easily identified as grasses with three sided stems, and these varieties have a small green or white button-like flower about a quarter inch wide sitting atop a the junction of three grass-like leaves.
Cautions: Not in pregnancy
Kyllinga brevifolia is a wild herbaceous, perennial plant. It is a species of sedge known by several common names, including shortleaf spikesedge, green kyllinga, perennial greenhead sedge, and kyllinga weed. It is native to tropical areas and can be found in warm regions around the world where it is an introduced species.
This is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing one to several erect stems to heights up to about half a meter, often much shorter. It produces tiny inflorescences of a few spikelets each which in total are less than a centimeter long. Pollens are tiny, approximately 20-30 microns in size. It is sometimes a weed in wet areas such as cultivated land and irrigation ditches.
It is easily found in Grasslands, along roads, in forest clearings and on river banks, at elevations up to 1,500 metres Open grasslands, waste places, along dikes, rice paddies and other moist places.
This plant is harvested from the wild for local medicinal use.
The leaves, stems and rhizomes are analgesic, antiinflammatory, antimalarial, decongestant, diuretic, febrifuge and sudorific. A decoction of the whole plant is used as a treatment against a variety of complaints including malaria; colds with fever; whooping cough; bronchitis; swelling pain in the throat, The leaves are taken internally in the treatment of diarrhoea. The pounded rhizome is used as a poultice for sores.
A poultice of the fresh leaves is applied to snake bites, furuncles, sprains. A decoction may be used as an external wash in the treatment of pruritis Ten fresh tubers are made into a paste and eaten with rice; once daily for three days as a treatment for diarrhoea.
Kingdom: Plantae
Order: Poales
Family:Cyperaceae
Genus: Kyllinga
Species: K. brevifolia
Binomial name: Kyllinga brevifolia
The Chinese call Kyllinga “shui wu gong” and use it for common colds, bronchitis, malaria, arthritis, and injuries.
The sedge family tends to be very aromatic and good for the digestion. Kyllinga is used for diarrhea in Malaysia, stomach and intestinal problems in India, and for dysentery in China.
Either the white headed or the green headed variety can be used. Kyllinga leaves are glossier than turfgrass leaves. Also, they have a distinctive "minty sweet" scent when leaves are mowed or crushed.
Kyllinga is used in various places in Polynesia for joint pain and rheumatic problems. Sedges are easily identified as grasses with three sided stems, and these varieties have a small green or white button-like flower about a quarter inch wide sitting atop a the junction of three grass-like leaves.
Cautions: Not in pregnancy
Kyllinga brevifolia is a wild herbaceous, perennial plant. It is a species of sedge known by several common names, including shortleaf spikesedge, green kyllinga, perennial greenhead sedge, and kyllinga weed. It is native to tropical areas and can be found in warm regions around the world where it is an introduced species.
This is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing one to several erect stems to heights up to about half a meter, often much shorter. It produces tiny inflorescences of a few spikelets each which in total are less than a centimeter long. Pollens are tiny, approximately 20-30 microns in size. It is sometimes a weed in wet areas such as cultivated land and irrigation ditches.
It is easily found in Grasslands, along roads, in forest clearings and on river banks, at elevations up to 1,500 metres Open grasslands, waste places, along dikes, rice paddies and other moist places.
This plant is harvested from the wild for local medicinal use.
The leaves, stems and rhizomes are analgesic, antiinflammatory, antimalarial, decongestant, diuretic, febrifuge and sudorific. A decoction of the whole plant is used as a treatment against a variety of complaints including malaria; colds with fever; whooping cough; bronchitis; swelling pain in the throat, The leaves are taken internally in the treatment of diarrhoea. The pounded rhizome is used as a poultice for sores.
A poultice of the fresh leaves is applied to snake bites, furuncles, sprains. A decoction may be used as an external wash in the treatment of pruritis Ten fresh tubers are made into a paste and eaten with rice; once daily for three days as a treatment for diarrhoea.
Kingdom: Plantae
Order: Poales
Family:Cyperaceae
Genus: Kyllinga
Species: K. brevifolia
Binomial name: Kyllinga brevifolia
Kyllinga Brevifolia Herb,
Jin Niu Cao, Shui Wu Gong 水蜈蚣
Jin Niu Cao, Shui Wu Gong 水蜈蚣
水蜈蚣,中药名
为莎草科植物水蜈蚣Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb.带根茎的全草。分布于中南、西南及安徽、江苏、浙江、江西、福建等地。具有疏风解表,清热利湿,活血解毒之功效。
用于感冒发热头痛,急性支气管炎,百日咳,疟疾,黄疸,痢疾,乳糜烂,疮疡肿毒,皮肤瘙痒,毒蛇咬伤,风湿性关节炎,跌打损伤。
别名:
球子草、疟疾草、三荚草、金牛草、寒气草、金钮草、夜摩草、十字草、姜虫草、露水草、水牛草、三步跳、散寒草、姜芽草、寒筋草、水香附、燕含珠、发汗草、 山蜈蚣、无头香附、龙吐珠、三夹草、水香草、一粒雪、三角草、落地杨梅、三箭草、球头草、雷公草、地杨梅、三人扛珠、寒热头草、一粒珠、九头香、水竹钵、 一粒关、狗公草、千打锤、落地蚂蟥、三棱环、一粒子草、黄古头草、水金钗、水土香、钢拳头、连根草、草含珠。
入药部位: 带根茎的全草。
性味: 味辛、微苦、甘,性平。
归经: 归肺、肝经。
功效: 疏风解表,清热利湿,活血解毒。
主治: 用于感冒发热头痛,急性支气管炎,百日咳,疟疾,黄疸,痢疾,乳糜烂,疮疡肿毒,皮肤瘙痒,毒蛇咬伤,风湿性关节炎,跌打损伤。
相关配伍 :
1、治感冒发热,咽喉肿痛:水蜈蚣30g。水煎温服取汗。(《陕甘宁青中草药选》)
2、治黄疸(传染性肝炎):水蜈蚣全草30g,茅莓根30g,臭牡丹根30g。水煎,糖调敷。(江西《草药手册》)
3、治乳糜尿:水蜈蚣(干根茎)、桂圆或黑枣各60g。水煎服,每日1剂,连服15天。(《浙南本草新编》)
4、治疮疡肿毒:水蜈蚣全草、芭蕉根各适量。捣烂敷患处。(江西《草药手册》)
5、治小儿口腔炎:水蜈蚣根茎30g。水煎,冲蜂蜜服。(《浙江民间常用草药》)
用法用量 :
内服:煎汤,15-30g,鲜品30-60g;或捣汁;或浸酒。外用:适量,捣敷。
采集加工 : 5-9月采收,洗净,鲜用或晒干。
炮制方法 : 取原药材除去杂质。抢水洗净,稍润,切段。干燥。筛去灰屑。
水蜈蚣又名:
短叶水蜈蚣。根状茎长而匍匐,外被膜质、褐色的鳞片,具多数节间,节间长约1.5厘米,每一节上长一秆。秆成列地散生,细弱,高7-20厘米,扁三稜形,平滑,基部不膨大,具4-5个圆筒状叶鞘,最下面2个叶鞘常为干膜质,棕色,鞘口斜截形,顶端渐尖,上面2-3个叶鞘顶端具叶片。叶柔弱,短于或稍长于秆,宽2-4毫米,平张,上部边缘和背面中肋上具细刺。叶状苞片3枚,极展开,后期常向下反折;穗状花序单个,极少2或3个,球形或卵球形,长5-11毫米,宽4.5-10毫米,具极多数密生的小穗。小穗长圆状披针形或披针形,压扁,长约3毫米,宽0.8-1毫米,具1朵花;鳞片膜质,长2.8-3毫米,下面鳞片短于上面的鳞片,白色,具锈斑,少为麦秆黄色,背面的龙骨状突起绿色,具刺,顶端延伸成外弯的短尖,脉5-7条;雄蕊3-1个,花药线形;花柱细长,柱头2,长不及花柱的1/2。小坚果倒卵状长圆形,扁双凸状,长约为鳞片的1/2,表面具密的细点。花果期5-9月。
生长环境: 生于山坡、溪边、荒地、路边草丛中及海边沙滩上。
鉴定
一、药材性状
多皱缩交织成团。根茎细圆柱形,表面红棕色或紫褐色,节明显,具膜质鳞片,节上有细茎,断面粉白色。茎细具棱,深绿色或枯绿色。叶线形,基部鞘状,紫褐色,有的可见球形穗状花序,黄绿色。果实卵状长圆形,绿色,具细点。气微。
二、饮片性状
根、茎、叶、花混合的段状。根茎表面红棕色或紫褐色,断面类白色,粉性。茎细三棱形。叶质软,线形,叶鞘呈紫褐色。穗状花序,单生,球形,绿色。气微,味淡。
药理作用
具有降血压、抗炎、解痉、抗癌及抑菌、杀灭疟原虫等作用。
现代应用
1、防治小儿百日咳。
2、治疗疟疾。
3、治疗乳糜尿。
4、治疗慢性气管炎。
相关论述
《贵州民间药物》:“治伤风、跌打损伤、刀伤骨折,除寒湿。
为莎草科植物水蜈蚣Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb.带根茎的全草。分布于中南、西南及安徽、江苏、浙江、江西、福建等地。具有疏风解表,清热利湿,活血解毒之功效。
用于感冒发热头痛,急性支气管炎,百日咳,疟疾,黄疸,痢疾,乳糜烂,疮疡肿毒,皮肤瘙痒,毒蛇咬伤,风湿性关节炎,跌打损伤。
别名:
球子草、疟疾草、三荚草、金牛草、寒气草、金钮草、夜摩草、十字草、姜虫草、露水草、水牛草、三步跳、散寒草、姜芽草、寒筋草、水香附、燕含珠、发汗草、 山蜈蚣、无头香附、龙吐珠、三夹草、水香草、一粒雪、三角草、落地杨梅、三箭草、球头草、雷公草、地杨梅、三人扛珠、寒热头草、一粒珠、九头香、水竹钵、 一粒关、狗公草、千打锤、落地蚂蟥、三棱环、一粒子草、黄古头草、水金钗、水土香、钢拳头、连根草、草含珠。
入药部位: 带根茎的全草。
性味: 味辛、微苦、甘,性平。
归经: 归肺、肝经。
功效: 疏风解表,清热利湿,活血解毒。
主治: 用于感冒发热头痛,急性支气管炎,百日咳,疟疾,黄疸,痢疾,乳糜烂,疮疡肿毒,皮肤瘙痒,毒蛇咬伤,风湿性关节炎,跌打损伤。
相关配伍 :
1、治感冒发热,咽喉肿痛:水蜈蚣30g。水煎温服取汗。(《陕甘宁青中草药选》)
2、治黄疸(传染性肝炎):水蜈蚣全草30g,茅莓根30g,臭牡丹根30g。水煎,糖调敷。(江西《草药手册》)
3、治乳糜尿:水蜈蚣(干根茎)、桂圆或黑枣各60g。水煎服,每日1剂,连服15天。(《浙南本草新编》)
4、治疮疡肿毒:水蜈蚣全草、芭蕉根各适量。捣烂敷患处。(江西《草药手册》)
5、治小儿口腔炎:水蜈蚣根茎30g。水煎,冲蜂蜜服。(《浙江民间常用草药》)
用法用量 :
内服:煎汤,15-30g,鲜品30-60g;或捣汁;或浸酒。外用:适量,捣敷。
采集加工 : 5-9月采收,洗净,鲜用或晒干。
炮制方法 : 取原药材除去杂质。抢水洗净,稍润,切段。干燥。筛去灰屑。
水蜈蚣又名:
短叶水蜈蚣。根状茎长而匍匐,外被膜质、褐色的鳞片,具多数节间,节间长约1.5厘米,每一节上长一秆。秆成列地散生,细弱,高7-20厘米,扁三稜形,平滑,基部不膨大,具4-5个圆筒状叶鞘,最下面2个叶鞘常为干膜质,棕色,鞘口斜截形,顶端渐尖,上面2-3个叶鞘顶端具叶片。叶柔弱,短于或稍长于秆,宽2-4毫米,平张,上部边缘和背面中肋上具细刺。叶状苞片3枚,极展开,后期常向下反折;穗状花序单个,极少2或3个,球形或卵球形,长5-11毫米,宽4.5-10毫米,具极多数密生的小穗。小穗长圆状披针形或披针形,压扁,长约3毫米,宽0.8-1毫米,具1朵花;鳞片膜质,长2.8-3毫米,下面鳞片短于上面的鳞片,白色,具锈斑,少为麦秆黄色,背面的龙骨状突起绿色,具刺,顶端延伸成外弯的短尖,脉5-7条;雄蕊3-1个,花药线形;花柱细长,柱头2,长不及花柱的1/2。小坚果倒卵状长圆形,扁双凸状,长约为鳞片的1/2,表面具密的细点。花果期5-9月。
生长环境: 生于山坡、溪边、荒地、路边草丛中及海边沙滩上。
鉴定
一、药材性状
多皱缩交织成团。根茎细圆柱形,表面红棕色或紫褐色,节明显,具膜质鳞片,节上有细茎,断面粉白色。茎细具棱,深绿色或枯绿色。叶线形,基部鞘状,紫褐色,有的可见球形穗状花序,黄绿色。果实卵状长圆形,绿色,具细点。气微。
二、饮片性状
根、茎、叶、花混合的段状。根茎表面红棕色或紫褐色,断面类白色,粉性。茎细三棱形。叶质软,线形,叶鞘呈紫褐色。穗状花序,单生,球形,绿色。气微,味淡。
药理作用
具有降血压、抗炎、解痉、抗癌及抑菌、杀灭疟原虫等作用。
现代应用
1、防治小儿百日咳。
2、治疗疟疾。
3、治疗乳糜尿。
4、治疗慢性气管炎。
相关论述
《贵州民间药物》:“治伤风、跌打损伤、刀伤骨折,除寒湿。
Elephantopus scaber
Prickly-leaves elephant's foot
or
地胆头 di dan tou in Chinese.
Prickly-leaves elephant's foot
or
地胆头 di dan tou in Chinese.
Elephantopus scaber is a tropical species of flowering plant in the sunflower family. It is native to tropical Africa, Eastern Asia, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and northern Australia. It has become naturalized in tropical Africa and Latin America. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
Elephantopus scaber is also known as Prickly-leaves elephant's foot or di dan tou in Chinese.
This medicinal plant is widely used as a medicinal herb in the tropics. It is anthelmintic, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, emollient, febrifuge and tonic.
It has been used in traditional medicine to stimulate diuresis, reduce fever and eliminate bladder stones, as well as to treat nephritis, edema, dampness, chest pain, pneumonia, scabies, arthralgia and leukemia.
It is also used to treat conditions such as asthma, coughs and pulmonary diseases; dyspepsia, diarrhoea and dysentery; oedema; urethral discharges and venereal diseases. A decoction is used to treat fungal skin diseases. The roots are diuretic, febrifuge and tonic. They are used fresh to arrest vomiting. Either pounded or in decoction, they are also used as a remedy for leucorrhoea, anaemia, cough, malaria and as a tonic during parturition.
The leaves are recommended for application to the abdomen to treat dropsy. They are also used as an anthelmintic and aphrodisiac, and to treat cough, sprue and diarrhoea.
The plant contains deoxyelephantopine, an antitumoral sesquiterpene lactone.
It can be found in grasslands, wasteland, roadsides, along fields and in forest borders. Young leaves - cooked and eaten like spinach.
Kingdom: Plantae
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Elephantopus
Species: E. scaber
Binomial name Elephantopus scaber
Elephantopus scaber is also known as Prickly-leaves elephant's foot or di dan tou in Chinese.
This medicinal plant is widely used as a medicinal herb in the tropics. It is anthelmintic, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, emollient, febrifuge and tonic.
It has been used in traditional medicine to stimulate diuresis, reduce fever and eliminate bladder stones, as well as to treat nephritis, edema, dampness, chest pain, pneumonia, scabies, arthralgia and leukemia.
It is also used to treat conditions such as asthma, coughs and pulmonary diseases; dyspepsia, diarrhoea and dysentery; oedema; urethral discharges and venereal diseases. A decoction is used to treat fungal skin diseases. The roots are diuretic, febrifuge and tonic. They are used fresh to arrest vomiting. Either pounded or in decoction, they are also used as a remedy for leucorrhoea, anaemia, cough, malaria and as a tonic during parturition.
The leaves are recommended for application to the abdomen to treat dropsy. They are also used as an anthelmintic and aphrodisiac, and to treat cough, sprue and diarrhoea.
The plant contains deoxyelephantopine, an antitumoral sesquiterpene lactone.
It can be found in grasslands, wasteland, roadsides, along fields and in forest borders. Young leaves - cooked and eaten like spinach.
Kingdom: Plantae
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Elephantopus
Species: E. scaber
Binomial name Elephantopus scaber
地胆草主要以根部入药,味苦、性寒,具有清热、凉血、解毒、利湿的功效,用于治疗感冒、扁桃体炎、眼结膜炎、黄疽等。 另外,地胆草亦作为煲汤食材广泛使用。
功效作用清热解毒,利尿消肿。用于感冒,急性扁桃体炎,咽喉炎,眼结膜炎,流行性乙型脑炎,百日咳,急性黄疸型肝炎,
肝硬化腹水,急、慢性肾炎,疖肿,湿疹。
地胆草
主页 Elephantopus scaber L.(菊科)
别名:草鞋根、草鞋底、磨地胆、地苦胆、理肺散、
牛吃埔、牛托鼻、铁灯盏、毛刷子、地胆头。
植物特征:直立草本,高10~50厘米。生于草地上。茎2歧分枝,多少粗糙,有时全株有白色粗毛。基生叶丛生,叶片匙形或长圆状倒披针形,长12~17厘米,边缘稍有钝锯齿;茎生叶少,极小。夏秋季开花;头状花序成束,生于枝顶,有叶状总苞片3~4片;花紫红色。瘦果有棱,顶端有4~6枚长而硬的冠毛。
药用部分:根、全草。
采集时间:夏。秋季采集。
性能: 性寒,味苦辛;清热解毒,凉血消 肿,止咳利尿。
验方:
1.各种炎症性疾病(菌痢、感冒、扁桃体炎、咽喉炎、急性胃肠炎、尿路感染、结膜炎等):地胆草30克,叶下珠、地锦、兔耳风各15克,水煎服,每日l~2剂。亦可单味地胆草使用。
2.黄疽型肝炎、百日咳:地胆草全草60克,水煎服。
3.肺热咳嗽:地胆草、肺形草各30克,水煎服。
4.乳痛、肿毒、指疗、疮疖、湿疹、蛇伤:鲜地胆草60~120克,水煎服;另用鲜地胆草适量,酒糟少许,捣烂外敷或水煎外洗。
5.急性中耳炎:鲜地胆草全草,捣汁点耳,一日~4次。
【别名】草鞋根、草鞋底、地胆头、磨地胆、苦地胆、地苦胆[云南]、理肺散、牛吃埔、牛托鼻、铁灯盏、地胆头[广东]
【来源】为菊科地胆草属植物地胆草 Elephantopus scaber L.,以全草入药。夏秋采收,去杂质,洗净晒干或鲜用。
【性味归经】苦,凉。
【功能主治】清热解毒,利尿消肿。用于感冒,急性扁桃体炎,咽喉炎,眼结膜炎,流行性乙型脑炎,百日咳,急性黄疸型肝炎,肝硬化腹水,急、慢性肾炎,疖肿,湿疹。
【用法用量】 0.5~1两;外用鲜草适量捣烂敷患处。
【注意】孕妇慎服。
【摘录】《全国中草药汇编》
功效作用清热解毒,利尿消肿。用于感冒,急性扁桃体炎,咽喉炎,眼结膜炎,流行性乙型脑炎,百日咳,急性黄疸型肝炎,
肝硬化腹水,急、慢性肾炎,疖肿,湿疹。
地胆草
主页 Elephantopus scaber L.(菊科)
别名:草鞋根、草鞋底、磨地胆、地苦胆、理肺散、
牛吃埔、牛托鼻、铁灯盏、毛刷子、地胆头。
植物特征:直立草本,高10~50厘米。生于草地上。茎2歧分枝,多少粗糙,有时全株有白色粗毛。基生叶丛生,叶片匙形或长圆状倒披针形,长12~17厘米,边缘稍有钝锯齿;茎生叶少,极小。夏秋季开花;头状花序成束,生于枝顶,有叶状总苞片3~4片;花紫红色。瘦果有棱,顶端有4~6枚长而硬的冠毛。
药用部分:根、全草。
采集时间:夏。秋季采集。
性能: 性寒,味苦辛;清热解毒,凉血消 肿,止咳利尿。
验方:
1.各种炎症性疾病(菌痢、感冒、扁桃体炎、咽喉炎、急性胃肠炎、尿路感染、结膜炎等):地胆草30克,叶下珠、地锦、兔耳风各15克,水煎服,每日l~2剂。亦可单味地胆草使用。
2.黄疽型肝炎、百日咳:地胆草全草60克,水煎服。
3.肺热咳嗽:地胆草、肺形草各30克,水煎服。
4.乳痛、肿毒、指疗、疮疖、湿疹、蛇伤:鲜地胆草60~120克,水煎服;另用鲜地胆草适量,酒糟少许,捣烂外敷或水煎外洗。
5.急性中耳炎:鲜地胆草全草,捣汁点耳,一日~4次。
【别名】草鞋根、草鞋底、地胆头、磨地胆、苦地胆、地苦胆[云南]、理肺散、牛吃埔、牛托鼻、铁灯盏、地胆头[广东]
【来源】为菊科地胆草属植物地胆草 Elephantopus scaber L.,以全草入药。夏秋采收,去杂质,洗净晒干或鲜用。
【性味归经】苦,凉。
【功能主治】清热解毒,利尿消肿。用于感冒,急性扁桃体炎,咽喉炎,眼结膜炎,流行性乙型脑炎,百日咳,急性黄疸型肝炎,肝硬化腹水,急、慢性肾炎,疖肿,湿疹。
【用法用量】 0.5~1两;外用鲜草适量捣烂敷患处。
【注意】孕妇慎服。
【摘录】《全国中草药汇编》
Euphorbia hirta 飞扬草
(sometimes called asthma-plant)
(sometimes called asthma-plant)
Euphorbia hirta (sometimes called asthma-plant) is a pantropical weed, possibly native to India. It is a hairy herb that grows in open grasslands, roadsides and pathways. It is used in traditional herbal medicine.
Common names include :
Garden Spurge, Hairy Spurge, Ara Tanah, Snake weed, Milk weed, Tawa Tawa and Asthma Weed etc.
Chinese names:
飞扬草又叫大飞羊、飞扬、节节花、白乳草
Thai names: นมราชสีห์ nom ratchasi (Central),
น้ำนมราชสีห์ nam nom ratchasi (Central),
ผักโขมแดง phak khom daeng (Central),
หญ้าน้ำหมึก ya nam muek (Northern),
หญ้าหลังอึ่ง ya-lang-ueng (Shan-Mae Hong Son)
This erect or prostrate annual herb can grow up to 60 cm (24 in) long with a solid, hairy stem that produces an abundant white latex. There are stipules present.
The leaves are simple, elliptical, hairy (on both upper and lower surfaces but particularly on the veins on the lower leaf surface), with a finely dentate margin. Leaves occur in opposite pairs on the stem. The flowers are unisexualand found in axillary cymes at each leaf node. They lack petals and are generally on a stalk. The fruit is a capsules with three valves and produces tiny, oblong, four-sided red seeds. It has a white or brown taproot.
Euphorbia hirta is a common medicinal plant which is used in India, Philippines, Australia, Mexico, Asia and some parts of Africa for the treatment of diseases.
It is often used traditionally for female disorders, respiratory ailments (cough, coryza, bronchitis, and asthma), worm infestations in children, dysentery, jaundice, pimples, gonorrhea, digestive problems, and tumors etc.
There are many other species of Euphorbia which are used in traditional medicines. All species of Euphorbia exudes a milky juice when broken, which is more or less poisonous and used as an ingredient in arrow poisons.
E. hirta possesses antibacterial, anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, sedative, antispasmodic, antifertility, antifungal, and antimalarial properties.
It should not be used without expert guidance,
The whole plant of herb is used to prepare a decoction or tea. This preparation is useful in the treatment of various diseases.
This tea has anxiolytic, analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities.
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Genus: Euphorbia
Species: E. hirta
Binomial name Euphorbia hirta L.
飞扬草又叫大飞羊、飞扬、节节花、白乳草,主要分布在我国的浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖南等地,它属于大戟科植物飞扬草的干燥全草。在中医疗效方面对清热解毒、利湿止痒、通乳方面有很好的效果。
飞扬草的形态特征,
一年生草本。其茎呈近圆柱形,长15~1250px,直径l~3mm。表面黄褐色或浅棕红色;质脆,易折断,断面中空; 地上部分被长粗毛。叶对生,皱缩,展平后叶片椭圆状卵形或略近菱形,长l~100px,宽0.5~32.5px;
绿褐色,先端急尖或钝,基部偏斜,边缘有细锯齿,有3条较明显的叶脉。聚伞花序密集成头状,腋生。蒴果卵状三棱形。
常生于向阳山坡、山谷、路旁或灌丛下。
飞扬草的功效与作用
性味:辛; 酸涩,凉; 小毒。
功效:清热,解毒,通乳,渗湿,止痒。治急性肠炎,菌痢,淋病,尿血,肺痈,乳痈,疔疮,肿毒,湿疹,脚癣,皮肤瘙痒。
主治:肺痈; 乳痈; 痢疾; 泄泻; 热淋; 血尿;
湿疹; 脚癣; 皮肤瘙痒; 疔疮肿毒; 牙疳;
产后少乳。
英文名Garden Erphorbia Herb
始载于《岭南采药录》
毒性 小毒
归经 肺经、肝经
药性 寒
药味 辛、酸
Common names include :
Garden Spurge, Hairy Spurge, Ara Tanah, Snake weed, Milk weed, Tawa Tawa and Asthma Weed etc.
Chinese names:
飞扬草又叫大飞羊、飞扬、节节花、白乳草
Thai names: นมราชสีห์ nom ratchasi (Central),
น้ำนมราชสีห์ nam nom ratchasi (Central),
ผักโขมแดง phak khom daeng (Central),
หญ้าน้ำหมึก ya nam muek (Northern),
หญ้าหลังอึ่ง ya-lang-ueng (Shan-Mae Hong Son)
This erect or prostrate annual herb can grow up to 60 cm (24 in) long with a solid, hairy stem that produces an abundant white latex. There are stipules present.
The leaves are simple, elliptical, hairy (on both upper and lower surfaces but particularly on the veins on the lower leaf surface), with a finely dentate margin. Leaves occur in opposite pairs on the stem. The flowers are unisexualand found in axillary cymes at each leaf node. They lack petals and are generally on a stalk. The fruit is a capsules with three valves and produces tiny, oblong, four-sided red seeds. It has a white or brown taproot.
Euphorbia hirta is a common medicinal plant which is used in India, Philippines, Australia, Mexico, Asia and some parts of Africa for the treatment of diseases.
It is often used traditionally for female disorders, respiratory ailments (cough, coryza, bronchitis, and asthma), worm infestations in children, dysentery, jaundice, pimples, gonorrhea, digestive problems, and tumors etc.
There are many other species of Euphorbia which are used in traditional medicines. All species of Euphorbia exudes a milky juice when broken, which is more or less poisonous and used as an ingredient in arrow poisons.
E. hirta possesses antibacterial, anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, sedative, antispasmodic, antifertility, antifungal, and antimalarial properties.
It should not be used without expert guidance,
The whole plant of herb is used to prepare a decoction or tea. This preparation is useful in the treatment of various diseases.
This tea has anxiolytic, analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities.
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Genus: Euphorbia
Species: E. hirta
Binomial name Euphorbia hirta L.
飞扬草又叫大飞羊、飞扬、节节花、白乳草,主要分布在我国的浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖南等地,它属于大戟科植物飞扬草的干燥全草。在中医疗效方面对清热解毒、利湿止痒、通乳方面有很好的效果。
飞扬草的形态特征,
一年生草本。其茎呈近圆柱形,长15~1250px,直径l~3mm。表面黄褐色或浅棕红色;质脆,易折断,断面中空; 地上部分被长粗毛。叶对生,皱缩,展平后叶片椭圆状卵形或略近菱形,长l~100px,宽0.5~32.5px;
绿褐色,先端急尖或钝,基部偏斜,边缘有细锯齿,有3条较明显的叶脉。聚伞花序密集成头状,腋生。蒴果卵状三棱形。
常生于向阳山坡、山谷、路旁或灌丛下。
飞扬草的功效与作用
性味:辛; 酸涩,凉; 小毒。
功效:清热,解毒,通乳,渗湿,止痒。治急性肠炎,菌痢,淋病,尿血,肺痈,乳痈,疔疮,肿毒,湿疹,脚癣,皮肤瘙痒。
主治:肺痈; 乳痈; 痢疾; 泄泻; 热淋; 血尿;
湿疹; 脚癣; 皮肤瘙痒; 疔疮肿毒; 牙疳;
产后少乳。
英文名Garden Erphorbia Herb
始载于《岭南采药录》
毒性 小毒
归经 肺经、肝经
药性 寒
药味 辛、酸
Bidens pilosa
XIAN FENG CAO ( Taiwanese : 咸豐草)
and
GUI ZHEN CAO ( Chinese:鬼针草)
XIAN FENG CAO ( Taiwanese : 咸豐草)
and
GUI ZHEN CAO ( Chinese:鬼针草)
Bidens pilosa is an annual species of herbaceous flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. Its many common names include black-jack, beggarticks, cobbler's pegs and Spanish needle.
It is native to the Americas but is widely distributed as an introduced species in other regions worldwide including Eurasia, Africa, Australia, South Americaand the Pacific Islands.
Although this plant is primarily considered a weed, in many parts of the world it is also a source of food and medicine.
It is reportedly widely eaten in Africa, and in Vietnam, during the Vietnam War, soldiers adopted the herb as a vegetable, which led to it being known as the "soldier vegetable". It is susceptible to hand weeding if small enough, even then must be bagged, and thick mulches may prevent it from growing.
In traditional Chinese medicine, this plant is considered a medicinal herb,
and is called as XIAN FENG CAO ( Taiwanese : 咸豐草) and GUI ZHEN CAO ( Chinese:鬼针草)
In traditional Bafumbira medicine, this plant is applied on a fresh wound and is known to be a medicinal herb, called inyabalasanya.
In sub-Saharan Africa, the fresh or dried tender shoots and young leaves are used as a leaf vegetable especially in times of food scarcity. It is an ingredient of sauces accompanying the staple food. The leaves are, fresh or after parboiling, dried in the sun and stored as powder for the dry season. In Uganda, the leaves are boiled in sour milk. Old leaves are not suitable for consumption because they have a bitter astringent taste.
Bidens pilosa is used as a medicinal plant in many regions of Africa, Asia and tropical America. Roots, leaves and seed have been reported to possess antibacterial, antidysenteric, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimalarial, diuretic, hepato-protective and hypotensive activities.
In Uganda, five different medicinal uses are known: the sap from crushed leaves is used to speed up clotting of blood in fresh wounds; a leaf decoction is used for treating headache; sap from the plant is put in the ear to treat ear infection; a decoction of leaf powder is used to treat kidney problems; and a herbal tea made from the plant decreases flatulence.
Extracts of Bidens pilosa are used in southern Africa to cure malaria. The Manyika people in the eastern highlands of Zimbabwe retain the first water used for cooking Bidens pilosa foliage for later use as a medicinal drink to cure stomach and mouth ulcers, diarrhoea, headaches and hangover.
The Zulu in South Africa use a suspension of powdered leaves as an enema for abdominal trouble, whereas in Congo a concoction made from the whole plant is taken as a poison antidote, or to ease child delivery and to relieve the pain from hernia.
In South Africa, strong decoctions of the leaf taken in large doses have been reported to be helpful in treating arthritis.
In Côte d’Ivoire, the plant is used for treating jaundice and dysentery. The plant sap is applied to burns in Tanzania.
In Nigeria, the powder or ash from the seed is used as a local anaesthetic and rubbed into cuts. The Giriama tribe from the coastal areas of Kenya use a leaf extract to treat swollen spleens in children. This tribe also uses a mixture of the dried and ground leaves of Bidens pilosa, soap and hot pepper as an insecticide for the control of leaf miners and other insects.
In Nanyuki, Kenya, Bidens pilosa is collected for the extraction of natural dyes. Among the Efe of the DR Congo the root is washed and dried, then used as a painting brush.
In Uganda and in Mexico, the leaves are used as an invigorating or stimulant substitute for tea; while in the Philippines the flowers are used in the preparation of a kind of wine. The flowers are a good source of nectar for honeybees.
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Bidens
Species: B. pilosa
Binomial name Bidens pilosa
鬼针草(学名:Bidens pilosa),一年生草本植物。分布亚热带到热带气候地区,原产于美洲(北美洲和南美洲),地理分布欧亚大陆、非洲、澳洲、太平洋岛群等处。全草株可作为中药使用,药用植物。因其可改变土壤微生物群落结构,而成为一种入侵物种
鬼针草一名始见于《本草拾遗》,异名有鬼钗草(《本草拾遗》)、三叶鬼针、三叶鬼针草、鬼黄花、山东老鸦草、婆婆针、鬼骨针、叉婆子、鬼蒺藜、粘身草、钢叉针等,客家语称为虾公夹。
一年生草本植物。高约40~85厘米,茎直立,四棱形,无毛,上部分支可略带细毛。中下部叶对生,上部叶互生,羽状脉,深裂,披针形或卵状披针形。头状花序,有梗,总苞杯状,中央管状花黄色,边缘白色或淡黄舌状花依不同变种有不同情况:鬼针草有或没有舌状花,咸丰草有较小的舌状花,而大花咸丰草则有超过 5 mm 较大的舌状花。瘦果长线形,顶端冠毛芒状,3~4枚。花期8~9月,果期9~11月。
药理编辑
鬼针草的乙醇浸液在体外对革兰氏阳性菌有抑菌作用,花、茎对金黄色葡萄球菌也有抑菌作用。
性味编辑
《本草拾遗》:味苦,平,无毒。
功用主治编辑
清热解毒,散瘀消肿。主治疟疾、痢疾、跌打损伤、蛇虫咬伤。
It is native to the Americas but is widely distributed as an introduced species in other regions worldwide including Eurasia, Africa, Australia, South Americaand the Pacific Islands.
Although this plant is primarily considered a weed, in many parts of the world it is also a source of food and medicine.
It is reportedly widely eaten in Africa, and in Vietnam, during the Vietnam War, soldiers adopted the herb as a vegetable, which led to it being known as the "soldier vegetable". It is susceptible to hand weeding if small enough, even then must be bagged, and thick mulches may prevent it from growing.
In traditional Chinese medicine, this plant is considered a medicinal herb,
and is called as XIAN FENG CAO ( Taiwanese : 咸豐草) and GUI ZHEN CAO ( Chinese:鬼针草)
In traditional Bafumbira medicine, this plant is applied on a fresh wound and is known to be a medicinal herb, called inyabalasanya.
In sub-Saharan Africa, the fresh or dried tender shoots and young leaves are used as a leaf vegetable especially in times of food scarcity. It is an ingredient of sauces accompanying the staple food. The leaves are, fresh or after parboiling, dried in the sun and stored as powder for the dry season. In Uganda, the leaves are boiled in sour milk. Old leaves are not suitable for consumption because they have a bitter astringent taste.
Bidens pilosa is used as a medicinal plant in many regions of Africa, Asia and tropical America. Roots, leaves and seed have been reported to possess antibacterial, antidysenteric, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimalarial, diuretic, hepato-protective and hypotensive activities.
In Uganda, five different medicinal uses are known: the sap from crushed leaves is used to speed up clotting of blood in fresh wounds; a leaf decoction is used for treating headache; sap from the plant is put in the ear to treat ear infection; a decoction of leaf powder is used to treat kidney problems; and a herbal tea made from the plant decreases flatulence.
Extracts of Bidens pilosa are used in southern Africa to cure malaria. The Manyika people in the eastern highlands of Zimbabwe retain the first water used for cooking Bidens pilosa foliage for later use as a medicinal drink to cure stomach and mouth ulcers, diarrhoea, headaches and hangover.
The Zulu in South Africa use a suspension of powdered leaves as an enema for abdominal trouble, whereas in Congo a concoction made from the whole plant is taken as a poison antidote, or to ease child delivery and to relieve the pain from hernia.
In South Africa, strong decoctions of the leaf taken in large doses have been reported to be helpful in treating arthritis.
In Côte d’Ivoire, the plant is used for treating jaundice and dysentery. The plant sap is applied to burns in Tanzania.
In Nigeria, the powder or ash from the seed is used as a local anaesthetic and rubbed into cuts. The Giriama tribe from the coastal areas of Kenya use a leaf extract to treat swollen spleens in children. This tribe also uses a mixture of the dried and ground leaves of Bidens pilosa, soap and hot pepper as an insecticide for the control of leaf miners and other insects.
In Nanyuki, Kenya, Bidens pilosa is collected for the extraction of natural dyes. Among the Efe of the DR Congo the root is washed and dried, then used as a painting brush.
In Uganda and in Mexico, the leaves are used as an invigorating or stimulant substitute for tea; while in the Philippines the flowers are used in the preparation of a kind of wine. The flowers are a good source of nectar for honeybees.
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Bidens
Species: B. pilosa
Binomial name Bidens pilosa
鬼针草(学名:Bidens pilosa),一年生草本植物。分布亚热带到热带气候地区,原产于美洲(北美洲和南美洲),地理分布欧亚大陆、非洲、澳洲、太平洋岛群等处。全草株可作为中药使用,药用植物。因其可改变土壤微生物群落结构,而成为一种入侵物种
鬼针草一名始见于《本草拾遗》,异名有鬼钗草(《本草拾遗》)、三叶鬼针、三叶鬼针草、鬼黄花、山东老鸦草、婆婆针、鬼骨针、叉婆子、鬼蒺藜、粘身草、钢叉针等,客家语称为虾公夹。
一年生草本植物。高约40~85厘米,茎直立,四棱形,无毛,上部分支可略带细毛。中下部叶对生,上部叶互生,羽状脉,深裂,披针形或卵状披针形。头状花序,有梗,总苞杯状,中央管状花黄色,边缘白色或淡黄舌状花依不同变种有不同情况:鬼针草有或没有舌状花,咸丰草有较小的舌状花,而大花咸丰草则有超过 5 mm 较大的舌状花。瘦果长线形,顶端冠毛芒状,3~4枚。花期8~9月,果期9~11月。
药理编辑
鬼针草的乙醇浸液在体外对革兰氏阳性菌有抑菌作用,花、茎对金黄色葡萄球菌也有抑菌作用。
性味编辑
《本草拾遗》:味苦,平,无毒。
功用主治编辑
清热解毒,散瘀消肿。主治疟疾、痢疾、跌打损伤、蛇虫咬伤。
Peperomia pellucida 草胡椒
别名:丁草、透明草、软骨草
别名:丁草、透明草、软骨草
Peperomia pellucida (also known by common names pepper elder, shining bush plant, and man to man) is an annual, shallow-rooted herb, usually growing to a height of about 15 to 45 cm (6 to 18 inches), it is characterized by succulent stems, shiny, heart-shaped, fleshy leaves and tiny, dot-like seeds attached to several fruiting spikes. It has a mustard-like odor when crushed.
The family Piperaceae comprises about a dozen genera and around 3000 species. The genus Peperomia represents nearly half of the Piperaceae with the genus Piper making the rest.
Flowering year-round, the plant is found in various shaded, damp habitats all over Asia and the Americas. It grows in clumps, thriving in loose, humid soils and a tropical to subtropical climate.
Peperomia pellucida has been used as a food item as well as a medicinal herb. Although mostly grown for its ornamental foliage, the entire plant is edible, both cooked and raw and the leaves can be brewed into tea. It is also said that it can be a good refrigerant.
The plant has a strong mustard-like odor and may cause asthma-like symptoms in patients with known hypersensitivity reactions to the plant species.
The plant has a rich history of medicinal use. Ethnomedicinal data in Bolivia from Alteños Indians document the whole plant being crushed, mixed with water, heated, and then orally administered to stop hemorrhage. The same reference documents a root decoction for treatment of fevers and mashed aerial parts applied topically or used as dressing for wounds.
P. pellucida has been used for treating abdominal pain, abscesses, acne, boils, colic, fatigue, gout, headache, renal disorders, and rheumatic pain, and to treat breast cancer, impotence, measles, mental disorders, and smallpox. It has been used in salads or as a cooked vegetable to help relieve rheumatic joint pain.
The leaves are used in a decoction to treat cough, fever and common cold, and are eaten fresh to treat headache, sore throat and kidney and prostate problems, and also against high blood pressure. In the Philippines a decoction or infusion of the plant is taken to treat rheumatic pain, gout and kidney troubles, and applied externally as a rinse against complexion problems.
In many parts of the tropics the plant is used as a condiment, and eaten as a spicy leafy vegetable, cooked or in salads. In Africa it is occasionally cultivated for this purpose. It is sometimes grown as an ornamental container plant.
The analgesic properties of the plant seem to be related to its effect on prostaglandin synthesis. It may have potential as a broad spectrum antibiotic, as demonstrated in tests against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli.
Chloroform extracts from dried leaves of P. pellucida have been shown to exhibit antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes in vitro.
Anti-inflammatory activity (in paw edema) and analgesic activity has been demonstrated in rats and mice.
Order: Piperales
Family: Piperaceae
Genus: Peperomia
Species: P. pellucida
Binomial name Peperomia pellucida Kunth
草胡椒简介
学名:Peperomia pellucida
别名:丁草、透明草、软骨草
性味:味辛,性凉。
功能:清热解毒,散瘀止痛。
疗效:痈肿疮毒、带状疱疹、烧伤烫伤、铁打损伤。
*注:孕妇忌服!
The family Piperaceae comprises about a dozen genera and around 3000 species. The genus Peperomia represents nearly half of the Piperaceae with the genus Piper making the rest.
Flowering year-round, the plant is found in various shaded, damp habitats all over Asia and the Americas. It grows in clumps, thriving in loose, humid soils and a tropical to subtropical climate.
Peperomia pellucida has been used as a food item as well as a medicinal herb. Although mostly grown for its ornamental foliage, the entire plant is edible, both cooked and raw and the leaves can be brewed into tea. It is also said that it can be a good refrigerant.
The plant has a strong mustard-like odor and may cause asthma-like symptoms in patients with known hypersensitivity reactions to the plant species.
The plant has a rich history of medicinal use. Ethnomedicinal data in Bolivia from Alteños Indians document the whole plant being crushed, mixed with water, heated, and then orally administered to stop hemorrhage. The same reference documents a root decoction for treatment of fevers and mashed aerial parts applied topically or used as dressing for wounds.
P. pellucida has been used for treating abdominal pain, abscesses, acne, boils, colic, fatigue, gout, headache, renal disorders, and rheumatic pain, and to treat breast cancer, impotence, measles, mental disorders, and smallpox. It has been used in salads or as a cooked vegetable to help relieve rheumatic joint pain.
The leaves are used in a decoction to treat cough, fever and common cold, and are eaten fresh to treat headache, sore throat and kidney and prostate problems, and also against high blood pressure. In the Philippines a decoction or infusion of the plant is taken to treat rheumatic pain, gout and kidney troubles, and applied externally as a rinse against complexion problems.
In many parts of the tropics the plant is used as a condiment, and eaten as a spicy leafy vegetable, cooked or in salads. In Africa it is occasionally cultivated for this purpose. It is sometimes grown as an ornamental container plant.
The analgesic properties of the plant seem to be related to its effect on prostaglandin synthesis. It may have potential as a broad spectrum antibiotic, as demonstrated in tests against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli.
Chloroform extracts from dried leaves of P. pellucida have been shown to exhibit antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes in vitro.
Anti-inflammatory activity (in paw edema) and analgesic activity has been demonstrated in rats and mice.
Order: Piperales
Family: Piperaceae
Genus: Peperomia
Species: P. pellucida
Binomial name Peperomia pellucida Kunth
草胡椒简介
学名:Peperomia pellucida
别名:丁草、透明草、软骨草
性味:味辛,性凉。
功能:清热解毒,散瘀止痛。
疗效:痈肿疮毒、带状疱疹、烧伤烫伤、铁打损伤。
*注:孕妇忌服!
《花草世界》
墙角石缝野草是“宝”·软骨草可药用入菜 - 地方 - 东海岸
www.sinchew.com.my
软骨草有助治愈手足口症或许广为人知,实则这种常常被视为“杂草”拔除的软骨草,不只有药用效果,还可以用来炒菜煲汤。
人们通常可在园子里、墙角边、路边的草丛边,发现软骨草的踪影,可惜大部分人都把它当成野草看待,只有少数识货人会把它当宝贝,采来吃。
之所以被称为“软骨草”,那是因为这种植物全身软质,没有硬根支撑,但遍遍它生命力与繁殖力超强,很容易蔓延成片。
软骨草的学名为草胡椒(Peperomia Pellucida),是胡椒科草胡椒属下的一个种。属矮小草本,茎枝纤细,在阳光照耀下近透明状故又名“透明草”。
全草可入药
软骨草全草可入药,除了清热明目,民间不乏其他偏方,比如使用软骨草对治咳嗽(热咳)、带状疱疹(生蛇),同时对痈肿疮毒、烧烫伤、跌打损伤、外伤出血等有一定疗效。
而对治手足口症方面,即病童在服用西药之余,也可服用软骨草,辅助病情,加速复原。
但软骨草性味辛凉,孕妇忌用,不耐寒者也需慎用,勿服过量!
清炒煲汤 清爽微甜
软骨草含丰富的液汗及适量的碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪和维生素C、β-胡萝卜素、微量元素等营养成分,可生吃或用开水川烫一下再吃。又或者小炒、煲汤,口感清脆润滑、淡香微甜。
汤品方面,此前直凉的读者宁志珍就分享过以软骨草来煲排骨汤,所需食材计有软骨草、红枣、桂圆、枸杞、排骨、蜜枣,煲上一个多小时即可享用,味道和西洋菜汤相似,清爽可口。
“这是我家婆之前听别人说起而记取的,我通常是水滚后加入软骨草煮一阵子,再加入其他食材和排骨煲至少一个小时,这样煲出来的排骨比较软。如果排骨要有嚼劲口感,则各食材保汤1小时,再加入排骨煮上20分钟。”
哥打峇鲁市民胡美珍则通常用软骨草来滚蛋花汤,味道清爽。她偶尔也会用江鱼仔来清炒软骨草,一家大小食用。
“我并不是经常煮,只是手边刚好有足够的软骨草入膳,就偶尔煮一煮。这些食用法都是长辈指导的,即然有益健康,偶尔吃一吃无妨。”
此外,也有读者介绍,将软骨草用于煲凉茶饮用,清热解暑。所需材料简单,即软骨草、竹蔗、蜜枣,或酌量的冰糖。
墙角石缝野草是“宝”·软骨草可药用入菜 - 地方 - 东海岸
www.sinchew.com.my
软骨草有助治愈手足口症或许广为人知,实则这种常常被视为“杂草”拔除的软骨草,不只有药用效果,还可以用来炒菜煲汤。
人们通常可在园子里、墙角边、路边的草丛边,发现软骨草的踪影,可惜大部分人都把它当成野草看待,只有少数识货人会把它当宝贝,采来吃。
之所以被称为“软骨草”,那是因为这种植物全身软质,没有硬根支撑,但遍遍它生命力与繁殖力超强,很容易蔓延成片。
软骨草的学名为草胡椒(Peperomia Pellucida),是胡椒科草胡椒属下的一个种。属矮小草本,茎枝纤细,在阳光照耀下近透明状故又名“透明草”。
全草可入药
软骨草全草可入药,除了清热明目,民间不乏其他偏方,比如使用软骨草对治咳嗽(热咳)、带状疱疹(生蛇),同时对痈肿疮毒、烧烫伤、跌打损伤、外伤出血等有一定疗效。
而对治手足口症方面,即病童在服用西药之余,也可服用软骨草,辅助病情,加速复原。
但软骨草性味辛凉,孕妇忌用,不耐寒者也需慎用,勿服过量!
清炒煲汤 清爽微甜
软骨草含丰富的液汗及适量的碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪和维生素C、β-胡萝卜素、微量元素等营养成分,可生吃或用开水川烫一下再吃。又或者小炒、煲汤,口感清脆润滑、淡香微甜。
汤品方面,此前直凉的读者宁志珍就分享过以软骨草来煲排骨汤,所需食材计有软骨草、红枣、桂圆、枸杞、排骨、蜜枣,煲上一个多小时即可享用,味道和西洋菜汤相似,清爽可口。
“这是我家婆之前听别人说起而记取的,我通常是水滚后加入软骨草煮一阵子,再加入其他食材和排骨煲至少一个小时,这样煲出来的排骨比较软。如果排骨要有嚼劲口感,则各食材保汤1小时,再加入排骨煮上20分钟。”
哥打峇鲁市民胡美珍则通常用软骨草来滚蛋花汤,味道清爽。她偶尔也会用江鱼仔来清炒软骨草,一家大小食用。
“我并不是经常煮,只是手边刚好有足够的软骨草入膳,就偶尔煮一煮。这些食用法都是长辈指导的,即然有益健康,偶尔吃一吃无妨。”
此外,也有读者介绍,将软骨草用于煲凉茶饮用,清热解暑。所需材料简单,即软骨草、竹蔗、蜜枣,或酌量的冰糖。
Tamarind
Tamarindus indica 罗望子
Tamarindus indica 罗望子
Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is a leguminous tree bearing edible fruit that is indigenous to tropical Africa. The genus Tamarindus is monotypic, meaning that it contains only this species. It belongs to family of Fabaceae.
The tamarind tree produces brown, pod-like fruits that contain a sweet, tangy pulp, which is used in cuisines around the world. The pulp is also used in traditional medicine and as a metal polish.
The tree's wood can be used for woodworking
and tamarind seed oil can be extracted from the seeds. Tamarind's tender young leaves are used in Indian and Filipino cuisine. Because tamarind has multiple uses, it is cultivated around the world in tropical and subtropical zones.
In Indonesia and throughout another Malay world countries, it is called asam jawa (Javanese tamarind) or simply asam, and sukaer in Timor.
Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is sometimes confused with "Manila tamarind" (Pithecellobium dulce). While in the same taxonomic family Fabaceae, Manila tamarind is a different plant native to Mexico and known locally as guamúchili.
The consumption of tamarind is widespread due to its central role in the cuisines of the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and the Americas, especially Mexico.
The tamarind is a long-lived, medium-growth tree, which attains a maximum crown height of 12 to 18 metres (40 to 60 feet). The crown has an irregular, vase-shaped outline of dense foliage. The tree grows well in full sun. It prefers clay, loam, sandy, and acidic soil types, with a high resistance to drought and aerosol salt (wind-borne salt as found in coastal areas).
The evergreen leaves are alternately arranged and pinnately lobed. The leaflets are bright green, elliptic-ovular, pinnately veined, and less than 5 cm (2 in) in length. The branches droop from a single, central trunk as the tree matures, and are often pruned in agriculture to optimize tree density and ease of fruit harvest. At night, the leaflets close up.
Tamarind timber consists of hard, dark red
heartwood and softer, yellowish sapwood. As a
tropical species, it is frost-sensitive. The pinnate leaves with opposite leaflets give a billowing effect in the wind.
The tamarind flowers (although inconspicuously), with red and yellow elongated flowers. Flowers are 2.5 cm wide (one inch), five-petalled, borne in small racemes, and yellow with orange or red streaks. Buds are pink as the four sepals are pink and are lost when the flower blooms.
The fruit is an indehiscent legume, sometimes called a pod, 12 to 15 cm (4+1⁄2 to 6 in) in length, with a hard, brown shell.
The fruit has a fleshy, juicy, acidic pulp. It is mature when the flesh is coloured brown or reddish brown. The tamarinds of Asia have longer pods (containing six to 12 seeds), whereas African and West Indian varieties have shorter pods (containing one to six seeds). The seeds are somewhat flattened, and a glossy brown. The fruit is best described as sweet and sour in taste, and is high in tartaric acid, sugar, B vitamins, and unusually for a fruit, calcium.
The fruit is harvested by pulling the pod from its stalk. A mature tree may be capable of producing up to 175 kg (386 lb) of fruit per year. Veneer grafting, shield (T or inverted T) budding, and air layering may be used to propagate desirable cultivars. Such trees will usually fruit within three to four years if provided optimum growing conditions.
The fruit pulp is edible. The hard green pulp of a young fruit is considered by many to be too sour, but is often used as a component of savory dishes, as a pickling agent or as a means of making certain poisonous yams in Ghana safe for human consumption.
As the fruit matures it becomes sweeter and less sour (acidic) and the ripened fruit is considered more palatable. The sourness varies between cultivars and some sweet tamarind ones have almost no acidity when ripe. In Western cuisine, tamarind pulp is found in Worcestershire Sauce and HP Sauce.
Tamarind paste has many culinary uses including a flavoring for chutneys, curries, and the traditional sharbat syrup drink. Tamarind sweet chutney is popular in India and Pakistan as a dressing for many snacks and often served with samosa.
Tamarind pulp is a key ingredient in flavoring curries and rice in south Indian cuisine, in the Chigali lollipop, in rasam, and in certain varieties of masala chai tea.
Across the Middle East, from the Levant to Iran, tamarind is used in savory dishes, notably meat-based stews, and often combined with dried fruits to achieve a sweet-sour tang.
In the Philippines, the whole fruit is used as an ingredient in the traditional dish called sinigang to add a unique sour taste, unlike that of dishes that use vinegar instead. Indonesia also has a similarly sour, tamarind-based soup dish called sayur asem.
In Mexico and the Caribbean, the pulp is diluted with water and sugared to make an agua fresca drink.
Tamarind seed oil is the oil made from the kernel of tamarind seeds. Isolation of the kernel without the thin but tough shell (or testa) is difficult.
Tamarind kernel powder is used as sizing material for textile and jute processing, and in the manufacture of industrial gums and adhesives. It is de-oiled to stabilize its colour and odor on storage. Seeds can be scarified or briefly boiled to enhance germination. They retain their germination capability for several months if kept dry.
The tamarind has long been naturalized in Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, the Caribbean, and Pacific Islands. Thailand has the largest plantations of the ASEAN nations, followed by Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Philippines. In parts of Southeast Asia, tamarind is called asam.
A traditional food plant in Africa, tamarind has the potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development and support sustainable landcare. In Madagascar, its fruit and leaves are a well-known favorite of the ring-tailed lemur, providing as much as 50 percent of their food resources during the year if available.
Throughout Southeast Asia, the fruit of the tamarind is used as a poultice applied to foreheads of fever sufferers. The fruit exhibits laxative effects due to its high quantities of malic acid, tartaric acid, and potassium bitartrate. Its use for the relief of constipation has been documented throughout the world.
Tamarind lumber is used to make furniture, carvings, turned objects such as mortars and pestles, chopping blocks, and other small specialty wood items.
Tamarind heartwood is reddish brown, sometimes with a purplish hue. The heartwood in tamarind tends to be narrow and is usually only present in older and larger trees.
The pale yellow sapwood is sharply demarcated from the heartwood. Heartwood is said to be durable to very durable in decay resistance, and is also resistant to insects. Its sapwood is not durable and is prone to attack by insects and fungi as well as spalting.
Due to its density and interlocked grain, tamarind is considered difficult to work. Heartwood has a pronounced blunting effect on cutting edges. Tamarind turns, glues, and finishes well. The heartwood is able to take a high natural polish.
In homes and temples, especially in Buddhist Asian
countries, the fruit pulp is used as metal polish to polish brass shrine statues and lamps, and copper, brass, and bronze utensils.
The copper alone or in brass reacts with moist carbon dioxide to gain a green coat of copper carbonate. Tamarind contains tartaric acid, a weak acid that can remove the coat of copper carbonate. Hence, tarnished copper utensils are cleaned with tamarind or lime, another acidic fruit.
Throughout South Asia and the tropical world, tamarind trees are used as ornamental, garden, and cash crop plantings. Commonly used as a bonsai species in many Asian countries, it is also grown as an indoor bonsai in temperate parts of the world.
The health benefits of tamarind, this sour fruit can actually keep your liver and heart safe from diseases.
Tamarind is rich in fibre and has no fat content. Studies suggest that eating tamarind daily might actually help in weight reduction since it contains flavonoids and polyphenols.
Also, tamarind is loaded with hydroxycitric acid, which reduces your appetite by inhibiting amylase, an enzyme responsible for converting carbohydrate into fat.
Peptic ulcers can be very painful. These are basically sores that appear in the inner lining of the stomach and small intestine. The polyphenolic compounds found in tamarind can prevent peptic ulcers.
Tamarind seed extracts are anti-inflammatory in nature and they are even said to stabilize blood sugar levels and reverse the damage of the pancreatic tissue in those suffering from diabetes. The enzyme alpha-amylase which is proven to reduce blood sugar levels can also be found in tamarind.
Tamarind has been used since ancient times as a laxative because of its tartaric acid, malic acid, and potassium content. Its ability to relax abdominal muscles is why it is also used as a remedy for diarrhoea. So, while the fruit is used to relieve constipation, the leaves provide treatment from diarrhoea, and the root and bark can be consumed to alleviate abdominal pain.
Tamarind is a very heart-friendly fruit. Flavonoids present in tamarind lower LDL or “bad” cholesterol and raise HDL or “good” cholesterol levels, thus preventing the build-up of triglycerides (a type of fat) in the blood. It also has high potassium content which can help keep your blood pressure in check.
Tamarind can take care of your liver as well. A diet rich in calories leads to a fatty liver and studies suggest that daily consumption of tamarind extracts can reverse this condition and it is also effective to deal with allergic asthma and cough because of its antihistaminic properties. It’s also a rich source of vitamin C and can boost the immune system to prevent cold and cough.
Clade : Tracheophytes
Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Rosids
Order : Fabales
Family : Fabaceae
Subfamily : Detarioideae
Tribe : Amherstieae
Genus :Tamarindus L.
Species :T. indica
Binomial name Tamarindus indica
L. 1753
The tamarind tree produces brown, pod-like fruits that contain a sweet, tangy pulp, which is used in cuisines around the world. The pulp is also used in traditional medicine and as a metal polish.
The tree's wood can be used for woodworking
and tamarind seed oil can be extracted from the seeds. Tamarind's tender young leaves are used in Indian and Filipino cuisine. Because tamarind has multiple uses, it is cultivated around the world in tropical and subtropical zones.
In Indonesia and throughout another Malay world countries, it is called asam jawa (Javanese tamarind) or simply asam, and sukaer in Timor.
Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is sometimes confused with "Manila tamarind" (Pithecellobium dulce). While in the same taxonomic family Fabaceae, Manila tamarind is a different plant native to Mexico and known locally as guamúchili.
The consumption of tamarind is widespread due to its central role in the cuisines of the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and the Americas, especially Mexico.
The tamarind is a long-lived, medium-growth tree, which attains a maximum crown height of 12 to 18 metres (40 to 60 feet). The crown has an irregular, vase-shaped outline of dense foliage. The tree grows well in full sun. It prefers clay, loam, sandy, and acidic soil types, with a high resistance to drought and aerosol salt (wind-borne salt as found in coastal areas).
The evergreen leaves are alternately arranged and pinnately lobed. The leaflets are bright green, elliptic-ovular, pinnately veined, and less than 5 cm (2 in) in length. The branches droop from a single, central trunk as the tree matures, and are often pruned in agriculture to optimize tree density and ease of fruit harvest. At night, the leaflets close up.
Tamarind timber consists of hard, dark red
heartwood and softer, yellowish sapwood. As a
tropical species, it is frost-sensitive. The pinnate leaves with opposite leaflets give a billowing effect in the wind.
The tamarind flowers (although inconspicuously), with red and yellow elongated flowers. Flowers are 2.5 cm wide (one inch), five-petalled, borne in small racemes, and yellow with orange or red streaks. Buds are pink as the four sepals are pink and are lost when the flower blooms.
The fruit is an indehiscent legume, sometimes called a pod, 12 to 15 cm (4+1⁄2 to 6 in) in length, with a hard, brown shell.
The fruit has a fleshy, juicy, acidic pulp. It is mature when the flesh is coloured brown or reddish brown. The tamarinds of Asia have longer pods (containing six to 12 seeds), whereas African and West Indian varieties have shorter pods (containing one to six seeds). The seeds are somewhat flattened, and a glossy brown. The fruit is best described as sweet and sour in taste, and is high in tartaric acid, sugar, B vitamins, and unusually for a fruit, calcium.
The fruit is harvested by pulling the pod from its stalk. A mature tree may be capable of producing up to 175 kg (386 lb) of fruit per year. Veneer grafting, shield (T or inverted T) budding, and air layering may be used to propagate desirable cultivars. Such trees will usually fruit within three to four years if provided optimum growing conditions.
The fruit pulp is edible. The hard green pulp of a young fruit is considered by many to be too sour, but is often used as a component of savory dishes, as a pickling agent or as a means of making certain poisonous yams in Ghana safe for human consumption.
As the fruit matures it becomes sweeter and less sour (acidic) and the ripened fruit is considered more palatable. The sourness varies between cultivars and some sweet tamarind ones have almost no acidity when ripe. In Western cuisine, tamarind pulp is found in Worcestershire Sauce and HP Sauce.
Tamarind paste has many culinary uses including a flavoring for chutneys, curries, and the traditional sharbat syrup drink. Tamarind sweet chutney is popular in India and Pakistan as a dressing for many snacks and often served with samosa.
Tamarind pulp is a key ingredient in flavoring curries and rice in south Indian cuisine, in the Chigali lollipop, in rasam, and in certain varieties of masala chai tea.
Across the Middle East, from the Levant to Iran, tamarind is used in savory dishes, notably meat-based stews, and often combined with dried fruits to achieve a sweet-sour tang.
In the Philippines, the whole fruit is used as an ingredient in the traditional dish called sinigang to add a unique sour taste, unlike that of dishes that use vinegar instead. Indonesia also has a similarly sour, tamarind-based soup dish called sayur asem.
In Mexico and the Caribbean, the pulp is diluted with water and sugared to make an agua fresca drink.
Tamarind seed oil is the oil made from the kernel of tamarind seeds. Isolation of the kernel without the thin but tough shell (or testa) is difficult.
Tamarind kernel powder is used as sizing material for textile and jute processing, and in the manufacture of industrial gums and adhesives. It is de-oiled to stabilize its colour and odor on storage. Seeds can be scarified or briefly boiled to enhance germination. They retain their germination capability for several months if kept dry.
The tamarind has long been naturalized in Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, the Caribbean, and Pacific Islands. Thailand has the largest plantations of the ASEAN nations, followed by Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Philippines. In parts of Southeast Asia, tamarind is called asam.
A traditional food plant in Africa, tamarind has the potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development and support sustainable landcare. In Madagascar, its fruit and leaves are a well-known favorite of the ring-tailed lemur, providing as much as 50 percent of their food resources during the year if available.
Throughout Southeast Asia, the fruit of the tamarind is used as a poultice applied to foreheads of fever sufferers. The fruit exhibits laxative effects due to its high quantities of malic acid, tartaric acid, and potassium bitartrate. Its use for the relief of constipation has been documented throughout the world.
Tamarind lumber is used to make furniture, carvings, turned objects such as mortars and pestles, chopping blocks, and other small specialty wood items.
Tamarind heartwood is reddish brown, sometimes with a purplish hue. The heartwood in tamarind tends to be narrow and is usually only present in older and larger trees.
The pale yellow sapwood is sharply demarcated from the heartwood. Heartwood is said to be durable to very durable in decay resistance, and is also resistant to insects. Its sapwood is not durable and is prone to attack by insects and fungi as well as spalting.
Due to its density and interlocked grain, tamarind is considered difficult to work. Heartwood has a pronounced blunting effect on cutting edges. Tamarind turns, glues, and finishes well. The heartwood is able to take a high natural polish.
In homes and temples, especially in Buddhist Asian
countries, the fruit pulp is used as metal polish to polish brass shrine statues and lamps, and copper, brass, and bronze utensils.
The copper alone or in brass reacts with moist carbon dioxide to gain a green coat of copper carbonate. Tamarind contains tartaric acid, a weak acid that can remove the coat of copper carbonate. Hence, tarnished copper utensils are cleaned with tamarind or lime, another acidic fruit.
Throughout South Asia and the tropical world, tamarind trees are used as ornamental, garden, and cash crop plantings. Commonly used as a bonsai species in many Asian countries, it is also grown as an indoor bonsai in temperate parts of the world.
The health benefits of tamarind, this sour fruit can actually keep your liver and heart safe from diseases.
Tamarind is rich in fibre and has no fat content. Studies suggest that eating tamarind daily might actually help in weight reduction since it contains flavonoids and polyphenols.
Also, tamarind is loaded with hydroxycitric acid, which reduces your appetite by inhibiting amylase, an enzyme responsible for converting carbohydrate into fat.
Peptic ulcers can be very painful. These are basically sores that appear in the inner lining of the stomach and small intestine. The polyphenolic compounds found in tamarind can prevent peptic ulcers.
Tamarind seed extracts are anti-inflammatory in nature and they are even said to stabilize blood sugar levels and reverse the damage of the pancreatic tissue in those suffering from diabetes. The enzyme alpha-amylase which is proven to reduce blood sugar levels can also be found in tamarind.
Tamarind has been used since ancient times as a laxative because of its tartaric acid, malic acid, and potassium content. Its ability to relax abdominal muscles is why it is also used as a remedy for diarrhoea. So, while the fruit is used to relieve constipation, the leaves provide treatment from diarrhoea, and the root and bark can be consumed to alleviate abdominal pain.
Tamarind is a very heart-friendly fruit. Flavonoids present in tamarind lower LDL or “bad” cholesterol and raise HDL or “good” cholesterol levels, thus preventing the build-up of triglycerides (a type of fat) in the blood. It also has high potassium content which can help keep your blood pressure in check.
Tamarind can take care of your liver as well. A diet rich in calories leads to a fatty liver and studies suggest that daily consumption of tamarind extracts can reverse this condition and it is also effective to deal with allergic asthma and cough because of its antihistaminic properties. It’s also a rich source of vitamin C and can boost the immune system to prevent cold and cough.
Clade : Tracheophytes
Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Rosids
Order : Fabales
Family : Fabaceae
Subfamily : Detarioideae
Tribe : Amherstieae
Genus :Tamarindus L.
Species :T. indica
Binomial name Tamarindus indica
L. 1753
酸豆:常绿大乔木,高达20米。树皮暗灰色,粗糙而有纵裂。偶数羽状复叶互生;叶柄短而粗壮;小叶7-20对,长方形或长椭圆形,长1-2.4厘米,宽4-9毫米,先端圆或浅凹,基部近圆形,偏斜,两面无毛,全缘。
夏季开黄色花,成顶生圆锥花序或腋生总状花序,花不整齐;萼管稍呈倒三角形,萼片4;花瓣上面3片发达,黄色带紫红条纹,下面2片退化成鳞片状;雄蕊3,花丝中部以下合生,有3-5刺毛状退化雄蕊。荚果肥厚肉质,深褐色,皮薄而脆,果肉熟时红棕色,味酸;故名“酸角”。种子3-10,近长方形,深红色光亮。
果实为不开荚果,类长圆形,稍扁,长3-6 cm,微弯曲,外果皮棕褐色,稍坚脆;中果皮棕黄色或棕黑色,较厚,味酸,外侧有数条纤维状筋脉;内果皮革质状。种子呈类圆形,长7-14 mm,宽6-11 mm,较扁,表面呈红棕色,光滑,有光泽,稍具指纹样纹理,压扁,两侧各具一近圆形瘢痕,脐点呈圆点状,微凹入,合点亦为点状而微突,位于脐点对侧,子叶白色,气芳香,味酸甜。加糖压制品呈较坚实块状物,如挑选可分出完整者,形如蚕豆,具2-4枚种子。气特异,强酸性,叶甜。
具有助消化、除腹胀、减轻咽喉疼痛作用。生果肉具有轻泻作用。种子外皮治疗痢疾,煎剂治疗脓疡。叶煎剂有抗菌作用。
罗望子是一种可食用的植物,它的树皮、叶子、果实、果肉都可当做食材或者药材。刚长出的果实是绿色的,硬的,非常酸,常被当作开胃菜或者增加酸味的佐料。成熟的果实更美味可口,酸味变淡甜味增加,常作为果酱放在甜品里,或者加在果汁里,也可以配合其他食材做菜。
罗望子是一种有益健康、并可食用的果实。也可作为温和的泻药。成熟的果荚中有可口的酸性果肉,可增加印度咖喱粉和某些辣甜味料、马来西亚沙嗲、加勒比海甜食及清凉饮料的风味。树皮可治气喘,种子可治腹泻,花可降血压;种子的果胶还可作果酱。罗望子汤用于治疗感冒、食欲不振、恶心、妊娠呕吐和便秘。
相关论述
《注医典》:“具有清理大肠,退热退烧,降逆止吐,清热止渴的作用。主治大便干燥,发热发烧,恶心呕吐,胃热口渴。”
《白色宫殿》:“具有清除过盛的胆液质,清热补胃,止渴止吐的作用。主治胆液质过盛引起的大便干结,胃热口渴,恶心呕吐。”
《拜地依药书》:“具有清除全身多余的胆液质,清理大肠,清热增食,清热补胃,止吐止渴,除暑解毒,安神除慌,消降黄疸,祛风止痒,消炎愈创的作用。主治全身性胆液质增多,肠道不畅,大便干结,胃热纳差,胃脘灼热,恶心呕吐,口干烦渴,中暑昏倒,心悸心慌,面目黄疸,皮肤瘙痒,口腔溃疡等。”
《药物之园》:“具有清热强心、补胃,消除胆液质性恶心呕吐,清热降压,安神除慌,祛风止痒,消除霍乱、白喉、口腔溃疡的作用。主治热性心虚、胃虚,胆液质性恶心呕吐,血压升高,心悸心慌,皮肤瘙痒,霍乱,白喉,口腔溃疡。”
Tamarindus indica L.,中药名,罗望子 。为豆科酸豆属植物酸豆 , 以果实入药。分布于福建、台湾、广西、广东、四川、云南等省区。具有清热解暑,消食化积的功效。主治中暑,食欲不振,小儿疳积,妊娠呕吐,便秘。
Tamarindus indica L.
中文学名: 罗望子
别称: 都桷子、酸角、酸豆、罗晃子、通血图
入药部位 : 果实。
性味 : 性甘、酸,味凉。
功效 : 清热解暑,消食化积。
主治 : 中暑,食欲不振,小儿疳积,妊娠呕吐,便秘。
罗望子可以生吃,嫩的连皮带肉整个都可以吃,不过如果是老的,里头的籽咬到会很苦哦。要拿来蘸辣椒盐,或腌制着吃味道会更好,还可以做成罗望子酱来吃,口味香甜浓郁养肝。
罗望子果肉富含糖、醋酸、酒石酸、蚁酸、柠檬酸等成分,在食品领域主要用来做调味品、饮料、果酱等,产品深受消费者喜爱养肝。
罗望子果肉又富含钙、磷、铁等多种元素,其中含钙量在所有水果中居首位。所以,在医药方面罗望子也被人们广为运用。
如常食用罗望子可治腹泻、气胀、麻风病、麻痹、瘫痪,防治坏血病、胆汁过多,可杀死人体寄生虫,减缓酒精、曼陀罗中毒!
直接口含罗望子则可生津祛暑,清热解毒,消除咽喉疼痛,帮助消化,洁齿固齿。如与食盐拌用可作为去风湿病搽剂。
相关配伍
1.治全身性胆液质增多,肠道不畅,大便干结,胃热纳差,胃脘的热,恶心,呕吐,口干烦渴昏倒,心悸心慌,面目黄疸:取适量罗望子,泡入开水中,溶化出药味,内服。(《拜地药书》)
2.治皮肤搔痒:取适量罗望子,前汤内服。(《拜地药书》)
3.治口腔溃疡:取适量罗望子,浸泡在开水中,待凉后漱口。(《拜地药书》)
4.治热性心虚,胃虚,胆液质性恶心呕吐,血压升高,心悸心慌,皮肤瘙痒,霍乱:取适量罗望子,泡入适量的开水中,溶化出药味,内服。(《药物之园》)
5.治白喉,口腔溃疡:取适量罗望子浸泡在开水中,待凉后漱口。(《药物之园》)
夏季开黄色花,成顶生圆锥花序或腋生总状花序,花不整齐;萼管稍呈倒三角形,萼片4;花瓣上面3片发达,黄色带紫红条纹,下面2片退化成鳞片状;雄蕊3,花丝中部以下合生,有3-5刺毛状退化雄蕊。荚果肥厚肉质,深褐色,皮薄而脆,果肉熟时红棕色,味酸;故名“酸角”。种子3-10,近长方形,深红色光亮。
果实为不开荚果,类长圆形,稍扁,长3-6 cm,微弯曲,外果皮棕褐色,稍坚脆;中果皮棕黄色或棕黑色,较厚,味酸,外侧有数条纤维状筋脉;内果皮革质状。种子呈类圆形,长7-14 mm,宽6-11 mm,较扁,表面呈红棕色,光滑,有光泽,稍具指纹样纹理,压扁,两侧各具一近圆形瘢痕,脐点呈圆点状,微凹入,合点亦为点状而微突,位于脐点对侧,子叶白色,气芳香,味酸甜。加糖压制品呈较坚实块状物,如挑选可分出完整者,形如蚕豆,具2-4枚种子。气特异,强酸性,叶甜。
具有助消化、除腹胀、减轻咽喉疼痛作用。生果肉具有轻泻作用。种子外皮治疗痢疾,煎剂治疗脓疡。叶煎剂有抗菌作用。
罗望子是一种可食用的植物,它的树皮、叶子、果实、果肉都可当做食材或者药材。刚长出的果实是绿色的,硬的,非常酸,常被当作开胃菜或者增加酸味的佐料。成熟的果实更美味可口,酸味变淡甜味增加,常作为果酱放在甜品里,或者加在果汁里,也可以配合其他食材做菜。
罗望子是一种有益健康、并可食用的果实。也可作为温和的泻药。成熟的果荚中有可口的酸性果肉,可增加印度咖喱粉和某些辣甜味料、马来西亚沙嗲、加勒比海甜食及清凉饮料的风味。树皮可治气喘,种子可治腹泻,花可降血压;种子的果胶还可作果酱。罗望子汤用于治疗感冒、食欲不振、恶心、妊娠呕吐和便秘。
相关论述
《注医典》:“具有清理大肠,退热退烧,降逆止吐,清热止渴的作用。主治大便干燥,发热发烧,恶心呕吐,胃热口渴。”
《白色宫殿》:“具有清除过盛的胆液质,清热补胃,止渴止吐的作用。主治胆液质过盛引起的大便干结,胃热口渴,恶心呕吐。”
《拜地依药书》:“具有清除全身多余的胆液质,清理大肠,清热增食,清热补胃,止吐止渴,除暑解毒,安神除慌,消降黄疸,祛风止痒,消炎愈创的作用。主治全身性胆液质增多,肠道不畅,大便干结,胃热纳差,胃脘灼热,恶心呕吐,口干烦渴,中暑昏倒,心悸心慌,面目黄疸,皮肤瘙痒,口腔溃疡等。”
《药物之园》:“具有清热强心、补胃,消除胆液质性恶心呕吐,清热降压,安神除慌,祛风止痒,消除霍乱、白喉、口腔溃疡的作用。主治热性心虚、胃虚,胆液质性恶心呕吐,血压升高,心悸心慌,皮肤瘙痒,霍乱,白喉,口腔溃疡。”
Tamarindus indica L.,中药名,罗望子 。为豆科酸豆属植物酸豆 , 以果实入药。分布于福建、台湾、广西、广东、四川、云南等省区。具有清热解暑,消食化积的功效。主治中暑,食欲不振,小儿疳积,妊娠呕吐,便秘。
Tamarindus indica L.
中文学名: 罗望子
别称: 都桷子、酸角、酸豆、罗晃子、通血图
入药部位 : 果实。
性味 : 性甘、酸,味凉。
功效 : 清热解暑,消食化积。
主治 : 中暑,食欲不振,小儿疳积,妊娠呕吐,便秘。
罗望子可以生吃,嫩的连皮带肉整个都可以吃,不过如果是老的,里头的籽咬到会很苦哦。要拿来蘸辣椒盐,或腌制着吃味道会更好,还可以做成罗望子酱来吃,口味香甜浓郁养肝。
罗望子果肉富含糖、醋酸、酒石酸、蚁酸、柠檬酸等成分,在食品领域主要用来做调味品、饮料、果酱等,产品深受消费者喜爱养肝。
罗望子果肉又富含钙、磷、铁等多种元素,其中含钙量在所有水果中居首位。所以,在医药方面罗望子也被人们广为运用。
如常食用罗望子可治腹泻、气胀、麻风病、麻痹、瘫痪,防治坏血病、胆汁过多,可杀死人体寄生虫,减缓酒精、曼陀罗中毒!
直接口含罗望子则可生津祛暑,清热解毒,消除咽喉疼痛,帮助消化,洁齿固齿。如与食盐拌用可作为去风湿病搽剂。
相关配伍
1.治全身性胆液质增多,肠道不畅,大便干结,胃热纳差,胃脘的热,恶心,呕吐,口干烦渴昏倒,心悸心慌,面目黄疸:取适量罗望子,泡入开水中,溶化出药味,内服。(《拜地药书》)
2.治皮肤搔痒:取适量罗望子,前汤内服。(《拜地药书》)
3.治口腔溃疡:取适量罗望子,浸泡在开水中,待凉后漱口。(《拜地药书》)
4.治热性心虚,胃虚,胆液质性恶心呕吐,血压升高,心悸心慌,皮肤瘙痒,霍乱:取适量罗望子,泡入适量的开水中,溶化出药味,内服。(《药物之园》)
5.治白喉,口腔溃疡:取适量罗望子浸泡在开水中,待凉后漱口。(《药物之园》)
Indian-almond Plant
Terminalia catappa 榄仁树
Terminalia catappa 榄仁树
Terminalia catappa is a large tropical tree in the leadwood tree family, Combretaceae, native to Asia, Australia, the Pacific and Madagascar. Common names in English include country almond, Indian almond, Malabar almond, sea almond, tropical almond, beach almond and false kamani.
The tree grows to 35 m (115 ft) tall, with an upright, symmetrical crown and horizontal branches. Terminalia catappa has corky, light fruit that are dispersed by water.
The seed within the fruit is edible when fully ripe, tasting almost like almond. As the tree gets older, its crown becomes more flattened to form a spreading, vase shape. Its branches are distinctively arranged in tiers. The leaves are large, 15–25 cm (5.9–9.8 in) long and 10–14 cm (3.9–5.5 in) broad, ovoid, glossy dark green, and leathery. They are dry-season deciduous; before falling, they turn pinkish-reddish or yellow-brown, due to pigments such as violaxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin.
The trees are monoecious, with distinct male and female flowers on the same tree. Both are 1 cm (0.39 in) in diameter, white to greenish, inconspicuous with no petals; they are produced on axillary or terminal spikes.
The fruit is a drupe 5–7 cm (2.0–2.8 in) long and 3–5.5 cm (1.2–2.2 in) broad, green at first, then yellow and finally red when ripe, containing a single seed. Pollen grains measure about 30 microns. The species epithet is based on its Malay name Ketapang.
The tree has been spread widely by humans, so the native range is uncertain. It has long been naturalised in a broad belt extending from Africa to northern Australia and New Guinea through southeast Asia and Micronesia into the Indian subcontinent.
T. catappa is widely grown in tropical regions of the world as an ornamental tree, grown for the deep shade its large leaves provide. The fruit is edible, tasting slightly acidic.
The wood is red and solid, and has high water resistance; it has been used in Polynesia for making canoes. In Tamil, almond is known as nattuvadumai.
The leaves contain several flavonoids (such as kaempferol or quercetin), several tannins (such as punicalin, punicalagin or tercatin), saponines and phytosterols.
Due to this chemical richness, the leaves (and the bark) are used in different herbal medicines for various purposes.
For instance in Taiwan, fallen leaves are used as an herb to treat liver diseases. In Suriname, an herbal tea made from the leaves has been prescribed against dysentery and diarrhea. The leaves may contain agents for prevention of cancers (although they have no demonstrated anticarcinogenic properties) and antioxidants, as well as anticlastogenic characteristics. Extracts of T. catappa have shown activity against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine (CQ)-resistant (FcB1) and CQ-sensitive (HB3) strains.
Keeping the leaves in an aquarium may lower the pH and heavy-metal content of the water. It has been used in this way by fish breeders for many years, and is active against some parasites and bacterial pathogens. It is also believed to help prevent fungus forming on the eggs of the fish.
Synonyms:
Terminalia latifolia Blanco, Terminalia moluccana Lamk.
Common Name:
Sea Almond, Ketapang, Tropical Almond Tree, Pacific Almond, Singapore Almond, Indian Almond, Lingtak, Bastard Almond, Telisai, Jelawai Ketapang, 榄仁树
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Combretaceae
Genus: Terminalia
Species: T. catappa
Binomial name Terminalia catappa
L.
The tree grows to 35 m (115 ft) tall, with an upright, symmetrical crown and horizontal branches. Terminalia catappa has corky, light fruit that are dispersed by water.
The seed within the fruit is edible when fully ripe, tasting almost like almond. As the tree gets older, its crown becomes more flattened to form a spreading, vase shape. Its branches are distinctively arranged in tiers. The leaves are large, 15–25 cm (5.9–9.8 in) long and 10–14 cm (3.9–5.5 in) broad, ovoid, glossy dark green, and leathery. They are dry-season deciduous; before falling, they turn pinkish-reddish or yellow-brown, due to pigments such as violaxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin.
The trees are monoecious, with distinct male and female flowers on the same tree. Both are 1 cm (0.39 in) in diameter, white to greenish, inconspicuous with no petals; they are produced on axillary or terminal spikes.
The fruit is a drupe 5–7 cm (2.0–2.8 in) long and 3–5.5 cm (1.2–2.2 in) broad, green at first, then yellow and finally red when ripe, containing a single seed. Pollen grains measure about 30 microns. The species epithet is based on its Malay name Ketapang.
The tree has been spread widely by humans, so the native range is uncertain. It has long been naturalised in a broad belt extending from Africa to northern Australia and New Guinea through southeast Asia and Micronesia into the Indian subcontinent.
T. catappa is widely grown in tropical regions of the world as an ornamental tree, grown for the deep shade its large leaves provide. The fruit is edible, tasting slightly acidic.
The wood is red and solid, and has high water resistance; it has been used in Polynesia for making canoes. In Tamil, almond is known as nattuvadumai.
The leaves contain several flavonoids (such as kaempferol or quercetin), several tannins (such as punicalin, punicalagin or tercatin), saponines and phytosterols.
Due to this chemical richness, the leaves (and the bark) are used in different herbal medicines for various purposes.
For instance in Taiwan, fallen leaves are used as an herb to treat liver diseases. In Suriname, an herbal tea made from the leaves has been prescribed against dysentery and diarrhea. The leaves may contain agents for prevention of cancers (although they have no demonstrated anticarcinogenic properties) and antioxidants, as well as anticlastogenic characteristics. Extracts of T. catappa have shown activity against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine (CQ)-resistant (FcB1) and CQ-sensitive (HB3) strains.
Keeping the leaves in an aquarium may lower the pH and heavy-metal content of the water. It has been used in this way by fish breeders for many years, and is active against some parasites and bacterial pathogens. It is also believed to help prevent fungus forming on the eggs of the fish.
Synonyms:
Terminalia latifolia Blanco, Terminalia moluccana Lamk.
Common Name:
Sea Almond, Ketapang, Tropical Almond Tree, Pacific Almond, Singapore Almond, Indian Almond, Lingtak, Bastard Almond, Telisai, Jelawai Ketapang, 榄仁树
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Combretaceae
Genus: Terminalia
Species: T. catappa
Binomial name Terminalia catappa
L.
榄仁树因果实的形状貌似橄榄的核,故而得名。
榄仁树是一种落叶乔木,高可达15米或更高,花期3-7月,果期7-9月。
枝干平展,侧枝轮生,近顶端密披黄色绒毛,落叶后有密而明显的叶痕,树冠层伞形,老树有明显板根;树皮纵裂呈剥落状,褐黑色。
单叶互生,于枝顶丛生层次分明,倒卵形,革质,全缘;叶基部截形或狭心形,先端钝圆或短尖,中部以下渐狭,叶两面无毛或幼时背部披疏软毛,叶基背偶有一对腺体,主脉粗壮,表面下陷形成一浅槽,背面凸起,基部叶柄处披绒毛,侧脉10-12对,网脉稠密,长约12-22厘米,宽约8-15厘米;叶柄披毛,短而粗壮,长约10-15毫米;秋季转红叶,冬季落叶。
花为穗状花序长而纤细,腋生,雌雄异花植物,雄花长于花序上部,雌花或两性花长于花序下部,长约15-20厘米;花多数,绿色或白色,长约10毫米;花盘由5个腺体组成,披白色粗毛;花苞片小,早落;缺乏花瓣;花萼筒杯状,外面无毛,内面披白色柔毛,长约8毫米;萼齿5裂,白色,三角形,几乎与萼筒等长;雄蕊10枚,伸出花萼之外,长约2.5毫米;子房呈圆锥形,幼时披毛,成熟时近无毛;花柱粗壮,胚球2颗,倒悬于室顶。
果为核果,扁椭球形,两端稍渐尖,两边具棱,棱上具翅状的狭边像船只的龙骨状构造;果皮无毛含纤维质,坚硬,初为绿色,成熟时呈褐色,内果皮坚韧而质轻,能浮于水面而藉水传播,长约3-4.5厘米,宽约2.5-3.1厘米。种子矩圆形,1颗,成熟后可食,富含油脂,可榨油。
榄仁树常生于气候温热的海边沙滩或向阳处山坡草地上,现常栽培作行道树。原产于台湾岛、马来西亚, 新加坡,印度、巴基斯坦及太平洋诸岛 。在中国大陆境内,分布于海南、广东、四川 、湖北 、云南东南部。于越南、 大洋洲、及南美热带海岸等地均有分布。
榄仁树的树皮性味苦、性凉,有收敛之效,对解毒止瘀、化痰止咳、痢疾、痰热咳嗽及疮疡有治疗功效。叶及嫩叶对疝痛、头痛、发热、风湿关节炎有治疗功效。叶汁对皮肤病、痳疯及疥癣有治疗功效。种子性味苦、涩、性凉,可清热解毒,对咽喉肿痛、痢疾及肿毒有治疗功效。
榄仁树的种子含油份,油份芳香含杏仁味,可供制成食品添加调味料及药用;果皮含鞣质,可制成黑色染料;果皮、成叶及落叶均可染出黄褐与绿褐色系;而树皮亦含有单宁成分,可制成黑色染料;木材可作船只及家具等的用材。
榄仁树的叶子枯萎后,收集起来煮过、泡制过后,可用水族中所谓的黑水,可加强泰国斗鱼发情 , 提高受孕 , 尤其可验证在泰国斗鱼的繁殖中,因榄仁叶会释放出色素 ; 单宁酸,使水色变深,增加水色模拟黑水环境条件,可稳定鱼儿的情绪,尽快解除紧迫,适应不良,加强提高体;尾和背鳍色泽,降低 PH值(增酸),它含有大量的丹宁酸;腐植酸 ;叶酸等 , 可调节水的酸碱值,软水的作用,可以使水变稍为软 , 不过也得看原水的软硬度 , 如硬就得用更多叶子浸泡以达同样效果,有大叶榄仁叶浸泡的鱼缸,有生物死掉后会比较晚发霉,因此推断大叶榄仁叶应该或多或少有些抑制霉菌生长的防腐功能。
榄仁树是一种落叶乔木,高可达15米或更高,花期3-7月,果期7-9月。
枝干平展,侧枝轮生,近顶端密披黄色绒毛,落叶后有密而明显的叶痕,树冠层伞形,老树有明显板根;树皮纵裂呈剥落状,褐黑色。
单叶互生,于枝顶丛生层次分明,倒卵形,革质,全缘;叶基部截形或狭心形,先端钝圆或短尖,中部以下渐狭,叶两面无毛或幼时背部披疏软毛,叶基背偶有一对腺体,主脉粗壮,表面下陷形成一浅槽,背面凸起,基部叶柄处披绒毛,侧脉10-12对,网脉稠密,长约12-22厘米,宽约8-15厘米;叶柄披毛,短而粗壮,长约10-15毫米;秋季转红叶,冬季落叶。
花为穗状花序长而纤细,腋生,雌雄异花植物,雄花长于花序上部,雌花或两性花长于花序下部,长约15-20厘米;花多数,绿色或白色,长约10毫米;花盘由5个腺体组成,披白色粗毛;花苞片小,早落;缺乏花瓣;花萼筒杯状,外面无毛,内面披白色柔毛,长约8毫米;萼齿5裂,白色,三角形,几乎与萼筒等长;雄蕊10枚,伸出花萼之外,长约2.5毫米;子房呈圆锥形,幼时披毛,成熟时近无毛;花柱粗壮,胚球2颗,倒悬于室顶。
果为核果,扁椭球形,两端稍渐尖,两边具棱,棱上具翅状的狭边像船只的龙骨状构造;果皮无毛含纤维质,坚硬,初为绿色,成熟时呈褐色,内果皮坚韧而质轻,能浮于水面而藉水传播,长约3-4.5厘米,宽约2.5-3.1厘米。种子矩圆形,1颗,成熟后可食,富含油脂,可榨油。
榄仁树常生于气候温热的海边沙滩或向阳处山坡草地上,现常栽培作行道树。原产于台湾岛、马来西亚, 新加坡,印度、巴基斯坦及太平洋诸岛 。在中国大陆境内,分布于海南、广东、四川 、湖北 、云南东南部。于越南、 大洋洲、及南美热带海岸等地均有分布。
榄仁树的树皮性味苦、性凉,有收敛之效,对解毒止瘀、化痰止咳、痢疾、痰热咳嗽及疮疡有治疗功效。叶及嫩叶对疝痛、头痛、发热、风湿关节炎有治疗功效。叶汁对皮肤病、痳疯及疥癣有治疗功效。种子性味苦、涩、性凉,可清热解毒,对咽喉肿痛、痢疾及肿毒有治疗功效。
榄仁树的种子含油份,油份芳香含杏仁味,可供制成食品添加调味料及药用;果皮含鞣质,可制成黑色染料;果皮、成叶及落叶均可染出黄褐与绿褐色系;而树皮亦含有单宁成分,可制成黑色染料;木材可作船只及家具等的用材。
榄仁树的叶子枯萎后,收集起来煮过、泡制过后,可用水族中所谓的黑水,可加强泰国斗鱼发情 , 提高受孕 , 尤其可验证在泰国斗鱼的繁殖中,因榄仁叶会释放出色素 ; 单宁酸,使水色变深,增加水色模拟黑水环境条件,可稳定鱼儿的情绪,尽快解除紧迫,适应不良,加强提高体;尾和背鳍色泽,降低 PH值(增酸),它含有大量的丹宁酸;腐植酸 ;叶酸等 , 可调节水的酸碱值,软水的作用,可以使水变稍为软 , 不过也得看原水的软硬度 , 如硬就得用更多叶子浸泡以达同样效果,有大叶榄仁叶浸泡的鱼缸,有生物死掉后会比较晚发霉,因此推断大叶榄仁叶应该或多或少有些抑制霉菌生长的防腐功能。
Piper aduncum
(树胡椒)
(树胡椒)
Piper aduncum (树胡椒) , the spiked pepper, matico, hierba del soldado, achotlín, cordoncillo, higuillo or higuillo de hoja menuda, is a flowering plant in the family Piperaceae.
Like many species in the family, the matico tree has a peppery odor. It grows wild on the coasts and in the forests of Central and South America and in the Interandean Valleys, up to 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level.
Culinary use
Like many species of the family, this tree has the characteristic smell of pepper. The fruits are used as a condiment and for flavoring cocoa. It is sometimes used as a substitute for long pepper.
Traditional medicine
In the Amazon Rainforest, many of the native tribes use matico leaves as an antiseptic. In Peru, it was used for stopping hemorrhages and treating ulcers, and in European practice in the treatment of diseases of the genitals and urinary organs, such as those for which cubeb was often prescribed.
It was said that Indian tribes in the Amazon use its leaves as an antiseptic wound to stop bleeding, prevent infections and to speed healing (Taylor, 2006).
The leaves are either "crushed or powdered and sprinkled directly onto the cut, wound, ulcer, and/or boil, or a tea (infusion) is made from the leaves and used as a wash".
Essential oil
The essential oil of matico contains dillapiole, ocimene and beta-caryophyllene. It has high potential as larvicide against larvae of mosquitoes.
Matico is a tropical, evergreen, shrubby tree that grows to the height of 6 to 7 meters (20 to 23 ft) with lance-shaped leaves that are 12 to 20 centimeters
(5 to 8 in) long.
Its fruit is a small drupe with black seeds. It is native to Southern Mexico, the Caribbean, and much of tropical South America. It is grown in tropical Asia, Polynesia, and Melanesia and can even be found in Florida, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico.
In some countries matico is considered as an invasive weed. In parts of New Guinea, although matico is notorious for drying out the soil in the areas where it is invasive, the wood of this plant is nonetheless used by local residents for a myriad of uses such as for fuel and fence posts.
Etymology
According to legends, the plant was discovered by a wounded Spanish soldier named Matico. He learned, presumably from the local tribes, that applying the leaves to his wounds stopped bleeding, and it began to be called "Matico" or "soldier's herb". It was introduced into the profession of medicine in the United States and Europe by a Liverpool physician in 1839 as a styptic and astringent for wounds.
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Piperales
Family: Piperaceae
Genus: Piper
Species: P. aduncum
Binomial name Piper aduncum L.
树胡椒 (Piper aduncum)b是一种灌木或小乔木,高度可达 7公尺,茎直径10公分以上,根很短,木材质地很脆,硬度中等;树叶和树枝有香味。可以单独生长或成丛生长。分枝直立,但枝条下垂和肿大,紫色的茎节。
叶互生,二纵列的,椭圆形,12~22公分长,有短的叶柄;叶片正面细致,叶面下有神经,叶背面有软毛。花序,对生,弯曲的穗长在 12~17公分的花柄上,白色至浅黄色,成熟时变成绿色。花挤在规则的横列。没有花被;通常为 4雄蕊。
果实为单一种子的浆果,扁长形的,末端有灰白色蠕虫状尖刺。种子黑褐色,0.7 ~1.25豪米长,扁长形的,具有网状表面 (Waterhouse & Mitchell, 1998年 PIER, 2003)。
相似物种
Piper auritum, Piper hispidinervum, Piper methysticum.
树胡椒是灌木或小乔木,原生于西印度群岛和美洲热带大陆,从墨西哥到阿根廷北部。这是一个受干扰地区的入侵者,它能够形成灌木丛,传播方式为出芽和吸根。树胡椒是一些太平洋群岛的一个麻烦问题,它会干扰相关卡瓦植物的收获。树胡椒有许多用途,包括传统医药和农林业。
用途
提供野生动物食物和遮蔽,可用于重新植被受农业干扰地区,并有助于森林生物量(弗朗西斯, 2003)。
树胡椒 (Piper aduncum) 被用于巴布亚新几内亚创造梯田农业,防止水土流失(伯克, 1997)。
木材可用于基础设施建设,燃料,木桩和围墙。具有观赏价值,其果实可用来食物调味。粹取的精油具抗菌性能,也可能被用作杀虫剂和灭螺。叶片和根部制成的茶被用来处理腹泻,痢疾,呕吐,枝枯病,也可以用于控制出血
(弗朗西斯, 2003)。
樹胡椒學名Piper aduncum L.,英文名Spiked Pepper,胡椒科胡椒屬常綠灌木或小喬木植物,又稱胡椒樹、鉤狀胡椒,原產於西印度群島、熱帶美洲,根短,莖直立,多分枝,枝條下垂,腫大狀,木質脆,莖節常紫色,樹葉與樹枝具香味,單葉互生,二縱列,葉橢圓形,端部尖或尾尖,基部圓鈍、截形或略心狀,全緣葉,葉面綠色,葉背有軟毛,短葉柄,穗狀花序,在枝條節處上會結出穗條,穗彎曲狀,花多而小,對生,擠在規則的橫列,白至淺黃色,熟時變綠色,成螺旋狀排列,無花被,小苞片一枚包被,雄花雄蕊二至六枚,通常四雄蕊,雌蕊心皮二至五枚,合生,雌花之雌蕊柱頭一至五枚,子房上位,基生胎座,漿果,扁長形,末端有蠕蟲狀尖刺,灰白色,單一種子,黑褐色,扁長形,具網狀表面。
樹胡椒果實可調味,可提煉精油,可抗菌、殺蟲滅螺、控制出血,可治腹瀉、痢疾、嘔吐。
Like many species in the family, the matico tree has a peppery odor. It grows wild on the coasts and in the forests of Central and South America and in the Interandean Valleys, up to 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level.
Culinary use
Like many species of the family, this tree has the characteristic smell of pepper. The fruits are used as a condiment and for flavoring cocoa. It is sometimes used as a substitute for long pepper.
Traditional medicine
In the Amazon Rainforest, many of the native tribes use matico leaves as an antiseptic. In Peru, it was used for stopping hemorrhages and treating ulcers, and in European practice in the treatment of diseases of the genitals and urinary organs, such as those for which cubeb was often prescribed.
It was said that Indian tribes in the Amazon use its leaves as an antiseptic wound to stop bleeding, prevent infections and to speed healing (Taylor, 2006).
The leaves are either "crushed or powdered and sprinkled directly onto the cut, wound, ulcer, and/or boil, or a tea (infusion) is made from the leaves and used as a wash".
Essential oil
The essential oil of matico contains dillapiole, ocimene and beta-caryophyllene. It has high potential as larvicide against larvae of mosquitoes.
Matico is a tropical, evergreen, shrubby tree that grows to the height of 6 to 7 meters (20 to 23 ft) with lance-shaped leaves that are 12 to 20 centimeters
(5 to 8 in) long.
Its fruit is a small drupe with black seeds. It is native to Southern Mexico, the Caribbean, and much of tropical South America. It is grown in tropical Asia, Polynesia, and Melanesia and can even be found in Florida, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico.
In some countries matico is considered as an invasive weed. In parts of New Guinea, although matico is notorious for drying out the soil in the areas where it is invasive, the wood of this plant is nonetheless used by local residents for a myriad of uses such as for fuel and fence posts.
Etymology
According to legends, the plant was discovered by a wounded Spanish soldier named Matico. He learned, presumably from the local tribes, that applying the leaves to his wounds stopped bleeding, and it began to be called "Matico" or "soldier's herb". It was introduced into the profession of medicine in the United States and Europe by a Liverpool physician in 1839 as a styptic and astringent for wounds.
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Piperales
Family: Piperaceae
Genus: Piper
Species: P. aduncum
Binomial name Piper aduncum L.
树胡椒 (Piper aduncum)b是一种灌木或小乔木,高度可达 7公尺,茎直径10公分以上,根很短,木材质地很脆,硬度中等;树叶和树枝有香味。可以单独生长或成丛生长。分枝直立,但枝条下垂和肿大,紫色的茎节。
叶互生,二纵列的,椭圆形,12~22公分长,有短的叶柄;叶片正面细致,叶面下有神经,叶背面有软毛。花序,对生,弯曲的穗长在 12~17公分的花柄上,白色至浅黄色,成熟时变成绿色。花挤在规则的横列。没有花被;通常为 4雄蕊。
果实为单一种子的浆果,扁长形的,末端有灰白色蠕虫状尖刺。种子黑褐色,0.7 ~1.25豪米长,扁长形的,具有网状表面 (Waterhouse & Mitchell, 1998年 PIER, 2003)。
相似物种
Piper auritum, Piper hispidinervum, Piper methysticum.
树胡椒是灌木或小乔木,原生于西印度群岛和美洲热带大陆,从墨西哥到阿根廷北部。这是一个受干扰地区的入侵者,它能够形成灌木丛,传播方式为出芽和吸根。树胡椒是一些太平洋群岛的一个麻烦问题,它会干扰相关卡瓦植物的收获。树胡椒有许多用途,包括传统医药和农林业。
用途
提供野生动物食物和遮蔽,可用于重新植被受农业干扰地区,并有助于森林生物量(弗朗西斯, 2003)。
树胡椒 (Piper aduncum) 被用于巴布亚新几内亚创造梯田农业,防止水土流失(伯克, 1997)。
木材可用于基础设施建设,燃料,木桩和围墙。具有观赏价值,其果实可用来食物调味。粹取的精油具抗菌性能,也可能被用作杀虫剂和灭螺。叶片和根部制成的茶被用来处理腹泻,痢疾,呕吐,枝枯病,也可以用于控制出血
(弗朗西斯, 2003)。
樹胡椒學名Piper aduncum L.,英文名Spiked Pepper,胡椒科胡椒屬常綠灌木或小喬木植物,又稱胡椒樹、鉤狀胡椒,原產於西印度群島、熱帶美洲,根短,莖直立,多分枝,枝條下垂,腫大狀,木質脆,莖節常紫色,樹葉與樹枝具香味,單葉互生,二縱列,葉橢圓形,端部尖或尾尖,基部圓鈍、截形或略心狀,全緣葉,葉面綠色,葉背有軟毛,短葉柄,穗狀花序,在枝條節處上會結出穗條,穗彎曲狀,花多而小,對生,擠在規則的橫列,白至淺黃色,熟時變綠色,成螺旋狀排列,無花被,小苞片一枚包被,雄花雄蕊二至六枚,通常四雄蕊,雌蕊心皮二至五枚,合生,雌花之雌蕊柱頭一至五枚,子房上位,基生胎座,漿果,扁長形,末端有蠕蟲狀尖刺,灰白色,單一種子,黑褐色,扁長形,具網狀表面。
樹胡椒果實可調味,可提煉精油,可抗菌、殺蟲滅螺、控制出血,可治腹瀉、痢疾、嘔吐。
Ficus punctata Thunb
橙黄榕, 大果藤榕
橙黄榕, 大果藤榕
Ficus punctata Thunb is a lesser-known climbing liana reported from Myanmar, the Andaman-Nicobar Archipelago, Thailand, Indochina, Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore with remarkable ornamental value.
Ficus punctata is a large, evergreen climbing shrub.
It roots freely from the stems and branches.
This species has remarkable ornamental value and can be introduced in gardens. This Ficus can be identified in the field by its climbing habit, presence of milky latex, rhomboidal obovate coriaceious leaves.
It is a handsome woody liana with spectacular spotted orange fruits. This taxon occurs in disturbed forests and rarely along the edges of the evergreen forests.
The ripe figs are eaten by frugivorous mammals. It is the host plant of the Little Maplet (Chersonesia peraka peraka). Latin Ficus, the commercial edible fig (Ficus carica); Latin punctata, punctate, with a spotted surface, referring to the speckled ripe fruits.
The plant is sometimes harvested from the wild for local medicinal use.
The leaf shoots are heated slowly over a fire and applied as a poultice on skin itches.
The leaves are used to treat fever and toothache.
Common Name: Mandarin Orange Fig, Climbing Fig, 橙黄榕, 大果藤榕.
Malay - Akar tengkuk biawak hitam, Akar gulung bidai, Kelah.
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Moraceae
Genus: Ficus
Subgenus: F. subg. Synoecia
Species: F. punctata
Binomial name Ficus punctata
Synonyms: Ficus aurantiacea Griff
中文名稱:大果藤榕
英文名稱:Large Fruited Fig‧
學 名:Ficus aurantiaca Griff. var. parvifolia (Corner) Corner
Ficus callicarpa Miq. var. parvifolia Corner
Ficus callicarpa Miq. var. parvifolia Corner.
Ficus lanyuensis Ying
Ficus lanyuensis Ying.
Ficus megacarpa Merr.
Ficus aurantiaca Griff.
科 名:桑科 (Moraceae) 榕屬 (Ficus)
別 稱:大果藤榕,大果榕,小葉藤榕,橙黃榕
(雲南種子植物名錄)
原產地:臺灣 (台東、蘭嶼、綠島)。菲律賓、印度尼西亞、越南、泰國、新加坡、緬甸等地也有。
分 布:台灣生長於恆春半島、蘭嶼及綠島的海岸地區,北部鼻頭角海邊也可見到。
用 途:
1. 食用:揉洗後之浸液會凝結成果凍狀,加上糖水便是一道美味的清涼食品。滿州鄉響林村居民將野生的大果藤榕成功移植到聚落中種植,當成綠籬,也可以製作消暑降火的天然果凍。
2. 作觀賞綠籬用:它是一種漂亮的木質藤本植物,帶有壯觀的斑點橙色水果。該物種具有顯著的觀賞價值,可以引入花園作觀賞綠籬用。
莖:木質藤木,莖伸長狀,長 4~10 公尺,有多數分枝,小枝平滑,有皮孔。
葉:葉為單葉、對生,橢圓形至長橢圓狀圓形,長 3~7 公分,寬 1.5~4 公分,先端圓而凹頭,基部鈍,全緣,中肋及側脈於表裏兩面均瀧起,側脈每邊 3~5 條,表面為有光怎澤綠色,背面淡綠色光滑無毛。葉柄長 0.5~1 公分,托葉早落性。
花:隱頭花序 (隱花果) 單生,腋生,近圓形,徑約 5~7.5 公分,先端圓鈍而由尖突。散生白色斑點;基部有苞片 3~4 枚,苞片三角型,長 0.2~0.3 公分,先端銳尖。
花序梗長 1~1.5 公分,光滑無毛,雄花及蟲癭花生長於一花托內。
雄花有長柄,柄長 0.4~0.45 公分;花被裂片 3 枚,披針形,長 0.1~0.12 公分,雄蕊 1 枚,花絲 0.2~0.3 公分;花藥橢圓形,長 0.15 公分。
蟲癭花不詳,子房歪卵形,長 0.2~0.25 公分,寬 0.15 公分,有柄。瘦果倒卵狀紡錘形,長 0.25 公分,寬約 0.1 公分,先端鈍,基部銳尖。花期 5~9 月。
果實:隱頭花序(隱花果)單生,腋生,近圓形,徑約 5~7.5 公分,先端圓鈍而由尖突。散生白色斑點;基部有苞片 3~4 枚,苞片三角型,長 0.2~0.3 公分,先端銳尖。
瘦果倒卵狀紡錘形,長 0.25 公分,寬約 0.1 公分,先端鈍,基部銳尖。
特 性:大型常綠木質藤狀灌木;枝條紅褐色。葉革質,橢圓形至倒卵形,長 2.5~6.5 公分或更長,寬 1.5~4 公分,表面近無毛,背面被微柔毛,先端急尖,圓或微鈍,基部楔形或鈍形,邊緣全緣微反捲,基生葉脈三出,側脈 3~4 對;葉柄長 0.5~1.0 公分;托葉線狀披針形,膜質,無毛,長 0.5~1.0 公分,早落。
榕果單生或成對成簇腋生或生於無葉枝上,球形,直徑 5~7 公分,微被柔毛,成熟時橙黃色,基生苞片 3~4,較薄,總梗粗短,長約 0.6~1.2 公分;雄花多數,散生於榕果內壁,具柄,花被片 2~3,雄蕊 1 枚,花絲長;癭花具柄或無柄,花被片 3~4,線形,子房光滑,斜卵圓形,花柱微側生,柱頭 2 裂;雌花無柄,花被片 3,線形,子房光滑,長圓形,花柱近側生,纖細,柱頭 2 裂。
更多:製作愛玉凍時,須將愛玉籽裹於紗布內,浸在冷開水裡搓揉,這個過程稱作洗愛玉。
洗時要注意水中不能有油性物質,也不能先加糖,否則無法結凍。
除了上述傳統方式外,也可用果汁機,打 2 分鐘後再用紗布擠出。 果膠擠出後,不久便會膠結,成為黃色透明、滑嫩Q軟的愛玉凍,淋上檸檬汁,再加上冰塊,便是炎夏消暑的聖品了。
Ficus punctata is a large, evergreen climbing shrub.
It roots freely from the stems and branches.
This species has remarkable ornamental value and can be introduced in gardens. This Ficus can be identified in the field by its climbing habit, presence of milky latex, rhomboidal obovate coriaceious leaves.
It is a handsome woody liana with spectacular spotted orange fruits. This taxon occurs in disturbed forests and rarely along the edges of the evergreen forests.
The ripe figs are eaten by frugivorous mammals. It is the host plant of the Little Maplet (Chersonesia peraka peraka). Latin Ficus, the commercial edible fig (Ficus carica); Latin punctata, punctate, with a spotted surface, referring to the speckled ripe fruits.
The plant is sometimes harvested from the wild for local medicinal use.
The leaf shoots are heated slowly over a fire and applied as a poultice on skin itches.
The leaves are used to treat fever and toothache.
Common Name: Mandarin Orange Fig, Climbing Fig, 橙黄榕, 大果藤榕.
Malay - Akar tengkuk biawak hitam, Akar gulung bidai, Kelah.
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Moraceae
Genus: Ficus
Subgenus: F. subg. Synoecia
Species: F. punctata
Binomial name Ficus punctata
Synonyms: Ficus aurantiacea Griff
中文名稱:大果藤榕
英文名稱:Large Fruited Fig‧
學 名:Ficus aurantiaca Griff. var. parvifolia (Corner) Corner
Ficus callicarpa Miq. var. parvifolia Corner
Ficus callicarpa Miq. var. parvifolia Corner.
Ficus lanyuensis Ying
Ficus lanyuensis Ying.
Ficus megacarpa Merr.
Ficus aurantiaca Griff.
科 名:桑科 (Moraceae) 榕屬 (Ficus)
別 稱:大果藤榕,大果榕,小葉藤榕,橙黃榕
(雲南種子植物名錄)
原產地:臺灣 (台東、蘭嶼、綠島)。菲律賓、印度尼西亞、越南、泰國、新加坡、緬甸等地也有。
分 布:台灣生長於恆春半島、蘭嶼及綠島的海岸地區,北部鼻頭角海邊也可見到。
用 途:
1. 食用:揉洗後之浸液會凝結成果凍狀,加上糖水便是一道美味的清涼食品。滿州鄉響林村居民將野生的大果藤榕成功移植到聚落中種植,當成綠籬,也可以製作消暑降火的天然果凍。
2. 作觀賞綠籬用:它是一種漂亮的木質藤本植物,帶有壯觀的斑點橙色水果。該物種具有顯著的觀賞價值,可以引入花園作觀賞綠籬用。
莖:木質藤木,莖伸長狀,長 4~10 公尺,有多數分枝,小枝平滑,有皮孔。
葉:葉為單葉、對生,橢圓形至長橢圓狀圓形,長 3~7 公分,寬 1.5~4 公分,先端圓而凹頭,基部鈍,全緣,中肋及側脈於表裏兩面均瀧起,側脈每邊 3~5 條,表面為有光怎澤綠色,背面淡綠色光滑無毛。葉柄長 0.5~1 公分,托葉早落性。
花:隱頭花序 (隱花果) 單生,腋生,近圓形,徑約 5~7.5 公分,先端圓鈍而由尖突。散生白色斑點;基部有苞片 3~4 枚,苞片三角型,長 0.2~0.3 公分,先端銳尖。
花序梗長 1~1.5 公分,光滑無毛,雄花及蟲癭花生長於一花托內。
雄花有長柄,柄長 0.4~0.45 公分;花被裂片 3 枚,披針形,長 0.1~0.12 公分,雄蕊 1 枚,花絲 0.2~0.3 公分;花藥橢圓形,長 0.15 公分。
蟲癭花不詳,子房歪卵形,長 0.2~0.25 公分,寬 0.15 公分,有柄。瘦果倒卵狀紡錘形,長 0.25 公分,寬約 0.1 公分,先端鈍,基部銳尖。花期 5~9 月。
果實:隱頭花序(隱花果)單生,腋生,近圓形,徑約 5~7.5 公分,先端圓鈍而由尖突。散生白色斑點;基部有苞片 3~4 枚,苞片三角型,長 0.2~0.3 公分,先端銳尖。
瘦果倒卵狀紡錘形,長 0.25 公分,寬約 0.1 公分,先端鈍,基部銳尖。
特 性:大型常綠木質藤狀灌木;枝條紅褐色。葉革質,橢圓形至倒卵形,長 2.5~6.5 公分或更長,寬 1.5~4 公分,表面近無毛,背面被微柔毛,先端急尖,圓或微鈍,基部楔形或鈍形,邊緣全緣微反捲,基生葉脈三出,側脈 3~4 對;葉柄長 0.5~1.0 公分;托葉線狀披針形,膜質,無毛,長 0.5~1.0 公分,早落。
榕果單生或成對成簇腋生或生於無葉枝上,球形,直徑 5~7 公分,微被柔毛,成熟時橙黃色,基生苞片 3~4,較薄,總梗粗短,長約 0.6~1.2 公分;雄花多數,散生於榕果內壁,具柄,花被片 2~3,雄蕊 1 枚,花絲長;癭花具柄或無柄,花被片 3~4,線形,子房光滑,斜卵圓形,花柱微側生,柱頭 2 裂;雌花無柄,花被片 3,線形,子房光滑,長圓形,花柱近側生,纖細,柱頭 2 裂。
更多:製作愛玉凍時,須將愛玉籽裹於紗布內,浸在冷開水裡搓揉,這個過程稱作洗愛玉。
洗時要注意水中不能有油性物質,也不能先加糖,否則無法結凍。
除了上述傳統方式外,也可用果汁機,打 2 分鐘後再用紗布擠出。 果膠擠出後,不久便會膠結,成為黃色透明、滑嫩Q軟的愛玉凍,淋上檸檬汁,再加上冰塊,便是炎夏消暑的聖品了。
Tinospora cordifolia
(心叶青牛胆)
(心叶青牛胆)
Tinospora cordifolia (心叶青牛胆)
common names: gurjo, heart-leaved moonseed, guduchi or giloy) is an herbaceous vine of the family Menispermaceae indigenous to tropical regions of the Indian subcontinent.
Despite centuries of use in traditional medicine to treat various disorders, there is no clinical evidence that it has an effect on any diseases.
T. cordifolia is a large, deciduous, extensively-spreading, climbing shrub with several elongated twining branches.
Leaves are simple, alternate, and exstipulate with long petioles up to 15 cm (6 in) long which are roundish and pulvinate, both at the base and apex with the basal one longer and twisted partially and half way around. It gets its name heart-leaved moonseed by its heart-shaped leaves and its reddish fruit.
Lamina are broadly ovate or ovate cordate, 10–20 cm (4–8 in) long or 8–15 cm (3–6 in) broad, seven nerved and deeply cordate at base, membranous, pubescent above, whitish tomentose with a prominent reticulum beneath.
Flowers are unisexual, small on separate plants and appearing when the plant is leafless, greenish-yellow on axillary and terminal racemes. Male flowers are clustered, but female flowers are usually solitary. It has six sepals in two series of three each. The outer ones are smaller than the inner. It has six petals which are smaller than sepals, obovate, and membranous.
Fruits aggregate in clusters of one to three. They are ovoid smooth drupelets on thick stalks with sub terminal style scars, scarlet or orange colored.
Endophytic fungi colonize the living, internal tissues of their host without causing any harmful effects. A recent study has shown that 29 endophytes belonging to different taxa were present in the samples collected from T. cordifolia.
Extracts of the endophytic fungus Nigrospora sphaerica obtained from T. cordifolia were found to have insecticidal properties against the Oriental leafworm moth (Spodoptera litura), a polyphagous pest.
Tinospora contains diverse phytochemicals, including alkaloids, phytosterols, glycosides, and mixed other chemical compounds. Columbin, tinosporaside, jatrorhizine, palmatine, berberine, tembeterine, tinocordifolioside, phenylpropene disaccharides, choline, tinosporic acid, tinosporal, tinosporon, and tinosporide have been isolated from Tinospora cordifolia.
In Ayurveda, Tinospora has been used over centuries to treat various diseases. Due to inadequate design or other weaknesses of clinical research on Tinospora, there is no high-quality scientific evidence that it has any anti-disease effect, and is not used as a prescription drug.
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Menispermaceae
Genus: Tinospora
Species: T. cordifolia
Binomial name Tinospora cordifolia
(Thunb.) Miers
Other related info sources through Internet
Dr Vaidya's,
Ayurvedic Doctor
Giloy - the herb whose name translates to the “root of immortality” has grown in popularity over the last couple of years. It has been a significant part of Ayurveda and has been used in ancient medicine since time immemorial. The herb has a multitude of health benefits, and as more and more people are becoming acquainted with the powers of this super herb, it is slowly becoming a part of a large number of people’s daily lives.
One of the most popular benefits of Giloy is that it helps to boost immunity and protect the body from viral infections.
Immunity Boost -
Loaded with antioxidants, Giloy helps boost your immunity by fighting disease-causing bacteria, removing toxins, and purifying blood. It is anti-inflammatory which helps protect against infections.
Acidity Relief -
Giloy helps offer relief from acidity owing to its digestive properties. It is known to help with hyperacidity, flatulence, indigestion, constipation, and other similar digestive issues.
Treats Arthritis -
Giloy possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties that make it effective for treating arthritis and its symptoms. Consuming Giloy powder with warm milk helps offer relief from joint pain.
Blood Sugar Control -
Giloy helps to control sugar levels by increasing insulin production in the body. It is great for Type 2 diabetes patients and also helps treat kidney problems and other diabetes-related conditions.
Improves Eye-Sight -
A lesser-known benefit of Giloy is that it helps in improving vision too. Boil Giloy leaves or Giloy powder in water, and once it has cooled down, apply it over your eyes for results.
For Chronic Fevers -
Giloy herb is known to help with fevers by extensively bringing down body temperatures and helping treat its symptoms. It is often advised for those suffering from chronic fevers such as malaria, dengue, swine flu, and other such diseases.
Stress Relief -
Similar to an adaptogen, Giloy helps with stress and anxiety. It makes you feel relaxed and calm and helps lower stress levels. It is also known to boost brain function by improving memory and other cognitive functions.
心叶青牛胆 Tinospora Cordifolia
作为防己科(Menispermaceae)的一种抗衰老药草,它具有预防糖尿病、解热镇痛、抗氧化和免疫调节等活性,广泛用于治疗包括黄疸、皮肤病、贫血和感染在内的各种疾病。其根部提取物可改善黄疸病人手术后kupffer细胞的功能和抑制肝脏匀浆中硫酸亚铁引起的过氧化反应,这可能与其所具有的清除自由基和螯合金属离子的性质有关。
功能与主治:降糖,清热解毒,利咽,止痛。用于咽喉肿痛,痈疽疔毒,泄泻,痢疾,脘腹热痛。
产品功效
• 辅助降血糖:心叶青牛胆提取物有降血糖作用。水提取物中的苦味成分为有效成分青牛胆,能抑制肾上腺素引起的高血糖症;作用原理应该是促进胰岛素分泌及增加葡萄糖的摄取量,抑制外周性葡萄糖的释放。
• 咽喉肿痛及肺热咳嗽:心叶青牛胆提取物有清热解毒的作用,对咽喉红肿疼痛,发热者有良好的功效。
• 用于热疖肿痛等症:心叶青牛胆提取物性味苦寒,对于凉血消肿,治热疖痈肿等有很好的效果。
common names: gurjo, heart-leaved moonseed, guduchi or giloy) is an herbaceous vine of the family Menispermaceae indigenous to tropical regions of the Indian subcontinent.
Despite centuries of use in traditional medicine to treat various disorders, there is no clinical evidence that it has an effect on any diseases.
T. cordifolia is a large, deciduous, extensively-spreading, climbing shrub with several elongated twining branches.
Leaves are simple, alternate, and exstipulate with long petioles up to 15 cm (6 in) long which are roundish and pulvinate, both at the base and apex with the basal one longer and twisted partially and half way around. It gets its name heart-leaved moonseed by its heart-shaped leaves and its reddish fruit.
Lamina are broadly ovate or ovate cordate, 10–20 cm (4–8 in) long or 8–15 cm (3–6 in) broad, seven nerved and deeply cordate at base, membranous, pubescent above, whitish tomentose with a prominent reticulum beneath.
Flowers are unisexual, small on separate plants and appearing when the plant is leafless, greenish-yellow on axillary and terminal racemes. Male flowers are clustered, but female flowers are usually solitary. It has six sepals in two series of three each. The outer ones are smaller than the inner. It has six petals which are smaller than sepals, obovate, and membranous.
Fruits aggregate in clusters of one to three. They are ovoid smooth drupelets on thick stalks with sub terminal style scars, scarlet or orange colored.
Endophytic fungi colonize the living, internal tissues of their host without causing any harmful effects. A recent study has shown that 29 endophytes belonging to different taxa were present in the samples collected from T. cordifolia.
Extracts of the endophytic fungus Nigrospora sphaerica obtained from T. cordifolia were found to have insecticidal properties against the Oriental leafworm moth (Spodoptera litura), a polyphagous pest.
Tinospora contains diverse phytochemicals, including alkaloids, phytosterols, glycosides, and mixed other chemical compounds. Columbin, tinosporaside, jatrorhizine, palmatine, berberine, tembeterine, tinocordifolioside, phenylpropene disaccharides, choline, tinosporic acid, tinosporal, tinosporon, and tinosporide have been isolated from Tinospora cordifolia.
In Ayurveda, Tinospora has been used over centuries to treat various diseases. Due to inadequate design or other weaknesses of clinical research on Tinospora, there is no high-quality scientific evidence that it has any anti-disease effect, and is not used as a prescription drug.
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Menispermaceae
Genus: Tinospora
Species: T. cordifolia
Binomial name Tinospora cordifolia
(Thunb.) Miers
Other related info sources through Internet
Dr Vaidya's,
Ayurvedic Doctor
Giloy - the herb whose name translates to the “root of immortality” has grown in popularity over the last couple of years. It has been a significant part of Ayurveda and has been used in ancient medicine since time immemorial. The herb has a multitude of health benefits, and as more and more people are becoming acquainted with the powers of this super herb, it is slowly becoming a part of a large number of people’s daily lives.
One of the most popular benefits of Giloy is that it helps to boost immunity and protect the body from viral infections.
Immunity Boost -
Loaded with antioxidants, Giloy helps boost your immunity by fighting disease-causing bacteria, removing toxins, and purifying blood. It is anti-inflammatory which helps protect against infections.
Acidity Relief -
Giloy helps offer relief from acidity owing to its digestive properties. It is known to help with hyperacidity, flatulence, indigestion, constipation, and other similar digestive issues.
Treats Arthritis -
Giloy possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties that make it effective for treating arthritis and its symptoms. Consuming Giloy powder with warm milk helps offer relief from joint pain.
Blood Sugar Control -
Giloy helps to control sugar levels by increasing insulin production in the body. It is great for Type 2 diabetes patients and also helps treat kidney problems and other diabetes-related conditions.
Improves Eye-Sight -
A lesser-known benefit of Giloy is that it helps in improving vision too. Boil Giloy leaves or Giloy powder in water, and once it has cooled down, apply it over your eyes for results.
For Chronic Fevers -
Giloy herb is known to help with fevers by extensively bringing down body temperatures and helping treat its symptoms. It is often advised for those suffering from chronic fevers such as malaria, dengue, swine flu, and other such diseases.
Stress Relief -
Similar to an adaptogen, Giloy helps with stress and anxiety. It makes you feel relaxed and calm and helps lower stress levels. It is also known to boost brain function by improving memory and other cognitive functions.
心叶青牛胆 Tinospora Cordifolia
作为防己科(Menispermaceae)的一种抗衰老药草,它具有预防糖尿病、解热镇痛、抗氧化和免疫调节等活性,广泛用于治疗包括黄疸、皮肤病、贫血和感染在内的各种疾病。其根部提取物可改善黄疸病人手术后kupffer细胞的功能和抑制肝脏匀浆中硫酸亚铁引起的过氧化反应,这可能与其所具有的清除自由基和螯合金属离子的性质有关。
功能与主治:降糖,清热解毒,利咽,止痛。用于咽喉肿痛,痈疽疔毒,泄泻,痢疾,脘腹热痛。
产品功效
• 辅助降血糖:心叶青牛胆提取物有降血糖作用。水提取物中的苦味成分为有效成分青牛胆,能抑制肾上腺素引起的高血糖症;作用原理应该是促进胰岛素分泌及增加葡萄糖的摄取量,抑制外周性葡萄糖的释放。
• 咽喉肿痛及肺热咳嗽:心叶青牛胆提取物有清热解毒的作用,对咽喉红肿疼痛,发热者有良好的功效。
• 用于热疖肿痛等症:心叶青牛胆提取物性味苦寒,对于凉血消肿,治热疖痈肿等有很好的效果。
Anisophyllea disticha
(二列异叶木)
(二列异叶木)
Anisophyllea disticha (二列异叶木) is a plant of tropical Asia in the family Anisophylleaceae.
Common name : Mousedeer Tree, Leechwood, Kayu Pachat, Kayu penahan badan, Kayu Ribu Ribu...
Anisophyllea disticha grows as a shrub or small tree up to 7 metres (20 ft) tall with a stem diameter of up to 5 cm (2 in). Its bark is smooth. The ellipsoid fruits ripen red and measure up to 2.5 cm (1 in) long.
Anisophyllea disticha grows naturally in Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo and Singapore. Its habitat is forests from sea-level to 1,000 m (3,300 ft) altitude.
Anisophyllea disticha is one of the species of genus Anisophyllea that is not pharmacologically investigated despite its high utilization by the folklore.
Ripen red fruit can be eaten to quench thirst and it taste bitter. The roots of this tree are dried and boiled and kept in containers for the children to use regularly with boiled water as herbal treatment for general body welfare and youthful vigour
Leaf, stem and root of this plant are being used especially in treating diarrhea, dysentery, jaundice, refreshing men’s body, revitalizing the birth canal of women after delivering the baby as well as relieving weariness and body aches.
The medicinal properties of A. disticha are predicted based on a literature review that provides information on secondary metabolites present and biological activities of this genus.
The most reported biological activities comprise of antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic and DNA damaging activity. From the previous studies, it can be observed that the extraction of bioactive components from this genus has been conducted using conventional method such as maceration, percolation and soxhlet.
In this review, phytochemical contents, bioactivities and the methods of extraction of bioactive compounds from genus Anisophyllea have been broadly discussed.
The advantages, as well as disadvantages of both conventional and non-conventional extraction methods have also been explained. Therefore, the extraction using non-conventional method like supercritical fluid extraction could provide the opportunity to obtain highly purified chemical constituents with potential in the application of various fields.
Gastrointestinal Diseases
An infusion of the plant is used to treat diarrhoea and dysentery and a decoction of the leaves is used to bathe patients suffering from jaundice. In some places, the leaves are chewed on fresh to stop diarrhoea and dysentery.
Tonic
In Sumatra decoction of the roots in combination with other herbs is used to relieve tiredness. In Malaysia the roots of A. disticha is boiled with onion and black cumin (Nigella sativa) for relieve of tiredness and body aches.
Other uses
Decoction of the roots alone is given to women during period of confinement as a method of revitalizing their birth canal.
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Cucurbitales
Family: Anisophylleaceae
Genus: Anisophyllea
Species: A. disticha
Binomial name Anisophyllea disticha
(Jack) Baill.
Common name : Mousedeer Tree, Leechwood, Kayu Pachat, Kayu penahan badan, Kayu Ribu Ribu...
Anisophyllea disticha grows as a shrub or small tree up to 7 metres (20 ft) tall with a stem diameter of up to 5 cm (2 in). Its bark is smooth. The ellipsoid fruits ripen red and measure up to 2.5 cm (1 in) long.
Anisophyllea disticha grows naturally in Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo and Singapore. Its habitat is forests from sea-level to 1,000 m (3,300 ft) altitude.
Anisophyllea disticha is one of the species of genus Anisophyllea that is not pharmacologically investigated despite its high utilization by the folklore.
Ripen red fruit can be eaten to quench thirst and it taste bitter. The roots of this tree are dried and boiled and kept in containers for the children to use regularly with boiled water as herbal treatment for general body welfare and youthful vigour
Leaf, stem and root of this plant are being used especially in treating diarrhea, dysentery, jaundice, refreshing men’s body, revitalizing the birth canal of women after delivering the baby as well as relieving weariness and body aches.
The medicinal properties of A. disticha are predicted based on a literature review that provides information on secondary metabolites present and biological activities of this genus.
The most reported biological activities comprise of antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic and DNA damaging activity. From the previous studies, it can be observed that the extraction of bioactive components from this genus has been conducted using conventional method such as maceration, percolation and soxhlet.
In this review, phytochemical contents, bioactivities and the methods of extraction of bioactive compounds from genus Anisophyllea have been broadly discussed.
The advantages, as well as disadvantages of both conventional and non-conventional extraction methods have also been explained. Therefore, the extraction using non-conventional method like supercritical fluid extraction could provide the opportunity to obtain highly purified chemical constituents with potential in the application of various fields.
Gastrointestinal Diseases
An infusion of the plant is used to treat diarrhoea and dysentery and a decoction of the leaves is used to bathe patients suffering from jaundice. In some places, the leaves are chewed on fresh to stop diarrhoea and dysentery.
Tonic
In Sumatra decoction of the roots in combination with other herbs is used to relieve tiredness. In Malaysia the roots of A. disticha is boiled with onion and black cumin (Nigella sativa) for relieve of tiredness and body aches.
Other uses
Decoction of the roots alone is given to women during period of confinement as a method of revitalizing their birth canal.
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Cucurbitales
Family: Anisophylleaceae
Genus: Anisophyllea
Species: A. disticha
Binomial name Anisophyllea disticha
(Jack) Baill.
Alternanthera sessilis
红田乌
红田乌
Alternanthera sessilis is an aquatic plant known by several common names, including Matikaduri (মাতিকাদুৰী) in Assamese, ponnanganni (in Tamil), ponnaganti aaku (in Telugu), honnagone (in Kannada), mukunuwenna (in Sinhala), sessile joyweed and dwarf copperleaf. It is used as a vegetable specially in Sri Lanka and some Asian countries.
The plant occurs throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World. It has been introduced to the southern United States, and its origins in Central and South America are uncertain.
This is a perennial herb with prostrate stems, rarely ascending, often rooting at the nodes. Leaves obovate to broadly elliptic, occasionally linear-lanceolate, 1–15 cm long, 0.3–3 cm wide, glabrous to sparsely villous, petioles 1–5 mm long. Flowers in sessile spikes, bract and bracteoles shiny white, 0.7-1.5 mm long, glabrous; sepals equal, 2.5–3 mm long, outer ones 1-nerved or indistinctly 3-nerved toward base; stamens 5, 2 sterile. In the wild it flowers from December until March.
The plant grows wild, but is also cultivated for food, herbal medicines, as an ornamental plant (red variety, as a hedging plant), in the aquarium trade (though it only grows submersed for short periods), and as poultry feed.
In certain regions of South East Asia, the leaves and young shoots are consumed as vegetables in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, the leaves, flowers and tender stems are consumed as vegetables.
As a herbal medicine, the plant has diuretic, cooling, tonic and laxative properties. It has been used for the treatment of dysuria and haemorrhoids. The plant is also believed to be beneficial for the eyes, and is used as an ingredient in the making of medicinal hair oils and Kajal (kohl).
This species is classified as a weed in parts of the southern States of the USA. It is usually (but not always especially in areas of high humidity where it can even be a garden weed) found in wet or damp spots. It is an excellent bee forage plant
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Amaranthaceae
Genus: Alternanthera
Species: A. sessilis
Binomial nameAlternanthera sessilis
(L.) R.Br. ex DC.
红田乌
田乌草,原产于南美洲,为红莲子草科植物,多年生草本。田乌草分红青两色;叶片全红的,一般称为红田乌,而绿叶的被称为青田乌。由于植物是红色的,民间习惯以红色的草要用于对血有关的病症,但是红田乌草是以清热为主。
学名∶Alternanthera paronychioides
英文∶Alligator weed
中文∶红节节草,田乌草,红莲子草
性味∶甘,微酸,凉
功效∶全草(红田乌) 退心火,破血,通经
中医认为
红田乌草味甘、微酸,性凉,有凉血止血,散瘀解毒。临床上用于吐血、咯血、便血、跌打损伤、结膜炎、痢疾等热病。服用方面,除了煎汤,还可以捣成汁。
红田乌草主要功能在于清热解毒,在炎热的新加坡,它是非常好的“降火”草药。新加坡一年都是夏季,在高温、再加上高湿度,让人常常感到口干舌燥,要是稍不注意休息,或吃太多辣的东西,在内外高温的“夹攻”下,就很容易上火。
上火分好几种,其中心火和胃火是新加坡常见的两种火,口舌生疮,口腔溃疡,而且伴有心烦意乱,急躁易怒,这都是心火,而胃火主要是牙龈肿痛,大便干燥,口渴喜欢喝凉的。去火最好的办法就是和一些清热解毒的饮料,所以不妨用田乌草泡茶喝。
民间偏方:
适用:高血压做法:鲜红田乌50克,加入1000毫升水,煎煮1小时,当茶喝
适用:吐血、咯血、下血做法:鲜红田乌20克,加入500毫升水,煎煮30分钟,每日3服,一星期疗程。
适用:五劳七伤,内伤出血做法:炖猪瘦肉汤时,加入鲜红田乌50克将新鲜红田乌50克,瘦猪肉100克,用2000毫升的水,炖1小时。
适用:跌打损伤做法:鲜红田乌草20克,捣烂绞汁,加入10 毫升酒,搅拌,内服。
适用:吐血做法:新鲜红田乌20克,红竹叶、半枝莲、 蜀葵各10克,加蕃茄、荔枝或龙眼等水果 制作精力汤,空腹服用。
适用:肠炎、热痢做法:以红田乌20克、鱼腥草、叶下红、含 壳草各10克,车前草、叶下珠、半枝莲各20 克,加甜瓜、木瓜、柠檬、百香果或柳丁等 水果制作精力汤,空腹服用
适用:肾脏病,抑郁症做法:红田乌、红竹叶、对叶莲、黄花蜜菜、 侧柏叶各20克。绞汁,加入10毫升的蜜糖 调服。
适用:痰中带血做法:红田乌,藕节各30克,仙鹤草15克,加入2000毫升水,煎煮1小时,当茶喝。
The plant occurs throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World. It has been introduced to the southern United States, and its origins in Central and South America are uncertain.
This is a perennial herb with prostrate stems, rarely ascending, often rooting at the nodes. Leaves obovate to broadly elliptic, occasionally linear-lanceolate, 1–15 cm long, 0.3–3 cm wide, glabrous to sparsely villous, petioles 1–5 mm long. Flowers in sessile spikes, bract and bracteoles shiny white, 0.7-1.5 mm long, glabrous; sepals equal, 2.5–3 mm long, outer ones 1-nerved or indistinctly 3-nerved toward base; stamens 5, 2 sterile. In the wild it flowers from December until March.
The plant grows wild, but is also cultivated for food, herbal medicines, as an ornamental plant (red variety, as a hedging plant), in the aquarium trade (though it only grows submersed for short periods), and as poultry feed.
In certain regions of South East Asia, the leaves and young shoots are consumed as vegetables in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, the leaves, flowers and tender stems are consumed as vegetables.
As a herbal medicine, the plant has diuretic, cooling, tonic and laxative properties. It has been used for the treatment of dysuria and haemorrhoids. The plant is also believed to be beneficial for the eyes, and is used as an ingredient in the making of medicinal hair oils and Kajal (kohl).
This species is classified as a weed in parts of the southern States of the USA. It is usually (but not always especially in areas of high humidity where it can even be a garden weed) found in wet or damp spots. It is an excellent bee forage plant
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Amaranthaceae
Genus: Alternanthera
Species: A. sessilis
Binomial nameAlternanthera sessilis
(L.) R.Br. ex DC.
红田乌
田乌草,原产于南美洲,为红莲子草科植物,多年生草本。田乌草分红青两色;叶片全红的,一般称为红田乌,而绿叶的被称为青田乌。由于植物是红色的,民间习惯以红色的草要用于对血有关的病症,但是红田乌草是以清热为主。
学名∶Alternanthera paronychioides
英文∶Alligator weed
中文∶红节节草,田乌草,红莲子草
性味∶甘,微酸,凉
功效∶全草(红田乌) 退心火,破血,通经
中医认为
红田乌草味甘、微酸,性凉,有凉血止血,散瘀解毒。临床上用于吐血、咯血、便血、跌打损伤、结膜炎、痢疾等热病。服用方面,除了煎汤,还可以捣成汁。
红田乌草主要功能在于清热解毒,在炎热的新加坡,它是非常好的“降火”草药。新加坡一年都是夏季,在高温、再加上高湿度,让人常常感到口干舌燥,要是稍不注意休息,或吃太多辣的东西,在内外高温的“夹攻”下,就很容易上火。
上火分好几种,其中心火和胃火是新加坡常见的两种火,口舌生疮,口腔溃疡,而且伴有心烦意乱,急躁易怒,这都是心火,而胃火主要是牙龈肿痛,大便干燥,口渴喜欢喝凉的。去火最好的办法就是和一些清热解毒的饮料,所以不妨用田乌草泡茶喝。
民间偏方:
适用:高血压做法:鲜红田乌50克,加入1000毫升水,煎煮1小时,当茶喝
适用:吐血、咯血、下血做法:鲜红田乌20克,加入500毫升水,煎煮30分钟,每日3服,一星期疗程。
适用:五劳七伤,内伤出血做法:炖猪瘦肉汤时,加入鲜红田乌50克将新鲜红田乌50克,瘦猪肉100克,用2000毫升的水,炖1小时。
适用:跌打损伤做法:鲜红田乌草20克,捣烂绞汁,加入10 毫升酒,搅拌,内服。
适用:吐血做法:新鲜红田乌20克,红竹叶、半枝莲、 蜀葵各10克,加蕃茄、荔枝或龙眼等水果 制作精力汤,空腹服用。
适用:肠炎、热痢做法:以红田乌20克、鱼腥草、叶下红、含 壳草各10克,车前草、叶下珠、半枝莲各20 克,加甜瓜、木瓜、柠檬、百香果或柳丁等 水果制作精力汤,空腹服用
适用:肾脏病,抑郁症做法:红田乌、红竹叶、对叶莲、黄花蜜菜、 侧柏叶各20克。绞汁,加入10毫升的蜜糖 调服。
适用:痰中带血做法:红田乌,藕节各30克,仙鹤草15克,加入2000毫升水,煎煮1小时,当茶喝。
Tacca integrifolia
丝须蒟蒻薯
丝须蒟蒻薯
Tacca integrifolia, the white batflower, is a species of flowering plant in the yam family, Dioscoreaceae, native to tropical and subtropical rainforests of Central Asia. It was first described by the English botanist John Bellenden Ker Gawler in 1812.
Common name - Tacca, Kat Wisker flower, Tacca intergrifolia, Devil Flower, White Bat Flower Plant.
Tacca integrifolia is a herb growing from a thick, cylindrical rhizome. The leaf blades are borne on long stems and are oblong-elliptical to oblong-lanceolate, some 50 by 20 cm (20 by 8 in), with tapering bases and slender pointed tips. The flower scape is about 55 cm (22 in) long and is topped with a pair of involucral bracts, broad and erect, white with mauve venation.
Among the individual nodding flowers, which are arranged in an umbel, are further long, filiform (thread-like) bracts. The perianth of each flower is tubular and purplish-black, 1 to 2 cm (0.4 to 0.8 in) long, with two whorls of three perianth lobes, the outer three narrowly oblong and the inner three broadly obovate. The fruits are fleshy berries some 2 cm (0.8 in) long, and the seeds, which have six longitudinal ridges, have the remains of the perianth lobes still attached.
The species is native to hilly regions of tropical and subtropical central Asia. It is known from Pakistan, eastern India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and eastern China. It grows in the understorey of humid rainforests, growing in the leaf litter in shady sites.
The stamens are attached to the tube of the perianth in a helmet-like manner and, with the flat-topped stigma lobes, may form an insect trap; a sweet musky odour has been detected from these flowers and this may attract flies as pollinators. After pollination, the scape bends over and the developing fruits rest on the ground. The fleshy fruits are a dull colour with soft jelly-like pulp, and it is possible that the seeds are dispersed by rodents and other small mammals as they feed on the fruits.
Medicinal uses:
Rhizomes are used in Traditonal Chinese Medicine to treat gastric ulcers, burns and high blood pressure and burns, as well as improve sexual functioning. In Malaysia, rhizome paste is applied to treat skin rash caused by hairy stinging caterpillars, and onto wounds or heel cracks. Pounded berries are mixed with water and drunk to treat dystentery and stomachaches. Leaf decoction is taken orally with salt for bloody dysentery and acute diarrhoea. Overdosing results in toxicity.
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Dioscoreales
Family: Dioscoreaceae
Genus: Tacca
Species: T. integrifolia
Binomial name Tacca integrifolia
Ker Gawl., 1812
Common name - Tacca, Kat Wisker flower, Tacca intergrifolia, Devil Flower, White Bat Flower Plant.
Tacca integrifolia is a herb growing from a thick, cylindrical rhizome. The leaf blades are borne on long stems and are oblong-elliptical to oblong-lanceolate, some 50 by 20 cm (20 by 8 in), with tapering bases and slender pointed tips. The flower scape is about 55 cm (22 in) long and is topped with a pair of involucral bracts, broad and erect, white with mauve venation.
Among the individual nodding flowers, which are arranged in an umbel, are further long, filiform (thread-like) bracts. The perianth of each flower is tubular and purplish-black, 1 to 2 cm (0.4 to 0.8 in) long, with two whorls of three perianth lobes, the outer three narrowly oblong and the inner three broadly obovate. The fruits are fleshy berries some 2 cm (0.8 in) long, and the seeds, which have six longitudinal ridges, have the remains of the perianth lobes still attached.
The species is native to hilly regions of tropical and subtropical central Asia. It is known from Pakistan, eastern India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and eastern China. It grows in the understorey of humid rainforests, growing in the leaf litter in shady sites.
The stamens are attached to the tube of the perianth in a helmet-like manner and, with the flat-topped stigma lobes, may form an insect trap; a sweet musky odour has been detected from these flowers and this may attract flies as pollinators. After pollination, the scape bends over and the developing fruits rest on the ground. The fleshy fruits are a dull colour with soft jelly-like pulp, and it is possible that the seeds are dispersed by rodents and other small mammals as they feed on the fruits.
Medicinal uses:
Rhizomes are used in Traditonal Chinese Medicine to treat gastric ulcers, burns and high blood pressure and burns, as well as improve sexual functioning. In Malaysia, rhizome paste is applied to treat skin rash caused by hairy stinging caterpillars, and onto wounds or heel cracks. Pounded berries are mixed with water and drunk to treat dystentery and stomachaches. Leaf decoction is taken orally with salt for bloody dysentery and acute diarrhoea. Overdosing results in toxicity.
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Dioscoreales
Family: Dioscoreaceae
Genus: Tacca
Species: T. integrifolia
Binomial name Tacca integrifolia
Ker Gawl., 1812
Phyllantus urinaria
叶下珠
叶下珠
Phyllanthus urinaria, commonly known as chamber bitter, Gale of the wind, gripeweed, shatterstone, stonebreaker, leafflower, seed under leaf, is a herb species in the family Phyllanthaceae.
The plant, reaching around 2 feet, has small alternate leaves resembling those of the genus Mimosa, disposed in two ranges. The leaves are large at the tip and smaller towards the petiole. The leaves are closed at night and are open in the day. Flowers are greenish white, minute and appear at axiles of the leaves, as well as the seed capsules. Numerous small green-red fruits, round and smooth, are found along the underside of the stems, which are erect and red.
This plant is considered a competitive weed in some regions, because of its great number of seeds, its high shade tolerance and its extensive root system.
Although of Asian origin, the weed is widely found in all tropical regions of the world. It is a warm-season, annual, broadleaf weed that emerges from warm soils beginning in early summer. It reproduces by seeds, which are found in the green, warty-like fruit attached to the underside of the branch.
The plant is a summer annual and germinates from early summer to early fall, requiring warm soil and light.
In traditional medicine, the plant is commonly used to treat, diarrhoea, liver, kidney, spleen and diabetes. It is also used as a bitter tonic and to treat fevers, including malaria.
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Phyllanthaceae
Genus: Phyllanthus
Species: P. urinaria
Binomial name Phyllanthus urinaria
叶下珠又叫珠仔草、假油甘、潮汕、龙珠草、
企枝叶下珠等。
叶下珠是一种可以药用的植物,主要作用在于解毒、消炎、清热止泻、利尿扽那个方面,对赤目肿痛、肠炎腹泻、痢疾、肝炎、小儿疳积等病症具有很好的治疗效果。
叶下珠的食用禁忌
体虚者少用。
单味勿久服。
【性味归经】微苦、甘,凉。
【功能主治】清热利尿,明目,消积。用于肾炎水肿,泌尿系感染、结石,肠炎,痢疾,小儿疳积,眼角膜炎,黄疸型肝炎; 外用治青竹蛇咬伤。赤白痢疾、暑热腹泻、肠炎腹泻、夜盲、急性结膜炎、口疮、头疮、风火赤眼、单纯性消化不良、小儿疳积。外治毒蛇咬伤、指头蛇疮、皮肤飞蛇卵等。
The plant, reaching around 2 feet, has small alternate leaves resembling those of the genus Mimosa, disposed in two ranges. The leaves are large at the tip and smaller towards the petiole. The leaves are closed at night and are open in the day. Flowers are greenish white, minute and appear at axiles of the leaves, as well as the seed capsules. Numerous small green-red fruits, round and smooth, are found along the underside of the stems, which are erect and red.
This plant is considered a competitive weed in some regions, because of its great number of seeds, its high shade tolerance and its extensive root system.
Although of Asian origin, the weed is widely found in all tropical regions of the world. It is a warm-season, annual, broadleaf weed that emerges from warm soils beginning in early summer. It reproduces by seeds, which are found in the green, warty-like fruit attached to the underside of the branch.
The plant is a summer annual and germinates from early summer to early fall, requiring warm soil and light.
In traditional medicine, the plant is commonly used to treat, diarrhoea, liver, kidney, spleen and diabetes. It is also used as a bitter tonic and to treat fevers, including malaria.
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Phyllanthaceae
Genus: Phyllanthus
Species: P. urinaria
Binomial name Phyllanthus urinaria
叶下珠又叫珠仔草、假油甘、潮汕、龙珠草、
企枝叶下珠等。
叶下珠是一种可以药用的植物,主要作用在于解毒、消炎、清热止泻、利尿扽那个方面,对赤目肿痛、肠炎腹泻、痢疾、肝炎、小儿疳积等病症具有很好的治疗效果。
叶下珠的食用禁忌
体虚者少用。
单味勿久服。
【性味归经】微苦、甘,凉。
【功能主治】清热利尿,明目,消积。用于肾炎水肿,泌尿系感染、结石,肠炎,痢疾,小儿疳积,眼角膜炎,黄疸型肝炎; 外用治青竹蛇咬伤。赤白痢疾、暑热腹泻、肠炎腹泻、夜盲、急性结膜炎、口疮、头疮、风火赤眼、单纯性消化不良、小儿疳积。外治毒蛇咬伤、指头蛇疮、皮肤飞蛇卵等。
Eleutherine bulbosa
野生大蒜
野生大蒜
Eleutherine bulbosa is an herbaceous, perennial flowering plant species in the family Iridaceae.
Like other Eleutherine species, E. bulbosa has a bulbous rootstock; a large subapical cauline leaf; and small, white, stellate, evening-blooming flowers.
Eleutherine bulbosa is a bulbous plant, producing a clump of grass-like leaves 15 - 75cm tall. The plant is often harvested from the wild for local use as a medicine.
E. bulbosa grows in southern Mexico and in the Amazon rainforest, within the borders of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana, in addition to the Brazilian states of Amapá and Acre.
It is widely cultivated for its medicinal properties.
The red bulb is crushed and mixed with water then drunk to kill intestinal parasites and worms.
The sap of the bulb is mixed with salt and used as a remedy for epileptic fits. It is also sometimes mixed with rum and rubbed on the body for that same purpose.
The bulb is used in the form of a plaster to treat sprains, to encourage cicatrization of wounds, and for tired blood.
The pulverised pulp of the bulb is used to treat an infected wound caused by rusty nail.
The bulb is widely documented in the literature and in herbaria as a treatment for bloody diarrhoea, haemorrhagia and open wounds, and even as a contraceptive.
The root is used in the treatment of female infertility and haemorrhage.
The plant (part not specified) is used as a diuretic.
The bulb contains chrysophanol naphthoquinones and anthraquinones.
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Eleutherine
Species: E. bulbosa
Binomial name Eleutherine bulbosa
Eleutherine bulbosa 野生大蒜
野生大蒜也称之为野蒜、小根蒜等,它不仅可以直接食用,还能拥有其它的药用价值,而且功效与作用也并不仅仅只是一点半点,推荐大家可以常吃野生大蒜。
野生大蒜营养价值,
野蒜有着同大蒜一样的药用价值,它能散寒化湿,杀虫解毒。性温、味辛,可治感冒鼻塞、肺虚久咏、泄泻、痢疾、鼻窦炎、增加抵抗力和免疫能力等症,经常吃野蒜对身体有益无害。
Like other Eleutherine species, E. bulbosa has a bulbous rootstock; a large subapical cauline leaf; and small, white, stellate, evening-blooming flowers.
Eleutherine bulbosa is a bulbous plant, producing a clump of grass-like leaves 15 - 75cm tall. The plant is often harvested from the wild for local use as a medicine.
E. bulbosa grows in southern Mexico and in the Amazon rainforest, within the borders of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana, in addition to the Brazilian states of Amapá and Acre.
It is widely cultivated for its medicinal properties.
The red bulb is crushed and mixed with water then drunk to kill intestinal parasites and worms.
The sap of the bulb is mixed with salt and used as a remedy for epileptic fits. It is also sometimes mixed with rum and rubbed on the body for that same purpose.
The bulb is used in the form of a plaster to treat sprains, to encourage cicatrization of wounds, and for tired blood.
The pulverised pulp of the bulb is used to treat an infected wound caused by rusty nail.
The bulb is widely documented in the literature and in herbaria as a treatment for bloody diarrhoea, haemorrhagia and open wounds, and even as a contraceptive.
The root is used in the treatment of female infertility and haemorrhage.
The plant (part not specified) is used as a diuretic.
The bulb contains chrysophanol naphthoquinones and anthraquinones.
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Eleutherine
Species: E. bulbosa
Binomial name Eleutherine bulbosa
Eleutherine bulbosa 野生大蒜
野生大蒜也称之为野蒜、小根蒜等,它不仅可以直接食用,还能拥有其它的药用价值,而且功效与作用也并不仅仅只是一点半点,推荐大家可以常吃野生大蒜。
野生大蒜营养价值,
野蒜有着同大蒜一样的药用价值,它能散寒化湿,杀虫解毒。性温、味辛,可治感冒鼻塞、肺虚久咏、泄泻、痢疾、鼻窦炎、增加抵抗力和免疫能力等症,经常吃野蒜对身体有益无害。
Strobilanthes crispa
黑面将军
黑面将军
Strobilanthes crispa is a shrub which originated from Madagascar, and is now found across south east Asia. It is a member of the family Acanthaceae.
Strobilanthes crispus (Acanthaceae) has been used traditionally as antidiabetic, diuretic, antilytic, and laxative and has been proven scientifically to possess high antioxidant activity, anti-AIDS, and anticancer properties. It is commonly consumed in the form of herbal tea.
It is known in Chinese as 黑面将军, pokok pecah kaca or pokok pecah beling in Malaysia, and pecah beling, enyoh kilo, kecibeling or kejibeling in Indonesia.
The leaves are used traditionally for treatment of cancer and diabetes, usually taken as a tea or infusion of the leaves.
Order: Lamiales
Family: Acanthaceae
Genus: Strobilanthes
Species: S. crispa
Binomial name Strobilanthes crispa
Blume
黑面将军别名 :
黑面叶, 黑将军、黑面神、破石草、地毡草(蔓生)、
钟馗草、狗脚刺、鬼画符、青凡木、铁甲将军、夜兰茶、锅盖仔、四眼草、乌漆臼、青漆、山树兰、狗脚利、脆叶马兰。
功效
清热解毒、散瘀、止痛、止痒、急性胃肠炎、扁桃体炎、支气管炎、尿路结石、产后子宫收缩疼痛、风湿性关节炎、烫伤、湿疹、过敏性皮炎、皮肤搔痒、阴道炎。
调查资料显示黑面叶对于小便不利、大颈泡、妇女白带、淋病、梅毒、月经不调、水瘤、子宫肌瘤等有一定疗效。
黑面叶药性寒凉,脾胃虚寒、经间期与孕妇,地中海贫血症者忌服。
民间用于治子宫肌瘤、癌症、糖尿病、结石症、蛇咬伤;防癌、抗癌、治癌等。
原产地:马达加斯加、印度尼西亚、马来半岛。黑面叶在新马一代被认为是抗癌大将,分直立和蔓生两种,蔓生的黑面叶在新加坡曾经有效治疗血癌而名噪一时。
治疗泌尿结石症
尤其是膀胱结石,用直立黑面将军的叶子泡茶喝能利尿,同时有降血压的功能。
被蛇咬伤
可以将叶子捣烂外敷伤口。
注意
刚开始饮用此茶时,排便的次数会增加,有的人会泻肚子,但不会严重,肚子不会绞疼。建议开始时在周末或不打算出门时饮用,才不会造成生活上和工作上的不便。饮用几次后,排便多的现象就会停止。但是如果停用久了,再度饮用的话,排便多的现象又会重新出现。但人会觉得很舒服,轻快。
煮法简单味道像凉茶
1、黑面将军叶1把大约12枝,每枝大约2尺/60cm长
(干品大约100g,生草药约200g,生品或干品皆可),
枝干和叶子都切碎一起下去煮。
2、红枣1把(大约十来颗)剖开,这样比较能出味。
放红枣是为了平衡黑面将军的寒性。
3、5000~6000cc水
煮法
把全部材料及水一起放进开大水壶内或大锅,以大火烧开后,转最小火,慢慢煮4小时就可以了(据说煮的越久就越能去除草药的寒性)。煮好后可以加些冰糖或红糖调味。放凉后可以放在冰箱内喝三两天,很可口。
Strobilanthes crispus (Acanthaceae) has been used traditionally as antidiabetic, diuretic, antilytic, and laxative and has been proven scientifically to possess high antioxidant activity, anti-AIDS, and anticancer properties. It is commonly consumed in the form of herbal tea.
It is known in Chinese as 黑面将军, pokok pecah kaca or pokok pecah beling in Malaysia, and pecah beling, enyoh kilo, kecibeling or kejibeling in Indonesia.
The leaves are used traditionally for treatment of cancer and diabetes, usually taken as a tea or infusion of the leaves.
Order: Lamiales
Family: Acanthaceae
Genus: Strobilanthes
Species: S. crispa
Binomial name Strobilanthes crispa
Blume
黑面将军别名 :
黑面叶, 黑将军、黑面神、破石草、地毡草(蔓生)、
钟馗草、狗脚刺、鬼画符、青凡木、铁甲将军、夜兰茶、锅盖仔、四眼草、乌漆臼、青漆、山树兰、狗脚利、脆叶马兰。
功效
清热解毒、散瘀、止痛、止痒、急性胃肠炎、扁桃体炎、支气管炎、尿路结石、产后子宫收缩疼痛、风湿性关节炎、烫伤、湿疹、过敏性皮炎、皮肤搔痒、阴道炎。
调查资料显示黑面叶对于小便不利、大颈泡、妇女白带、淋病、梅毒、月经不调、水瘤、子宫肌瘤等有一定疗效。
黑面叶药性寒凉,脾胃虚寒、经间期与孕妇,地中海贫血症者忌服。
民间用于治子宫肌瘤、癌症、糖尿病、结石症、蛇咬伤;防癌、抗癌、治癌等。
原产地:马达加斯加、印度尼西亚、马来半岛。黑面叶在新马一代被认为是抗癌大将,分直立和蔓生两种,蔓生的黑面叶在新加坡曾经有效治疗血癌而名噪一时。
治疗泌尿结石症
尤其是膀胱结石,用直立黑面将军的叶子泡茶喝能利尿,同时有降血压的功能。
被蛇咬伤
可以将叶子捣烂外敷伤口。
注意
刚开始饮用此茶时,排便的次数会增加,有的人会泻肚子,但不会严重,肚子不会绞疼。建议开始时在周末或不打算出门时饮用,才不会造成生活上和工作上的不便。饮用几次后,排便多的现象就会停止。但是如果停用久了,再度饮用的话,排便多的现象又会重新出现。但人会觉得很舒服,轻快。
煮法简单味道像凉茶
1、黑面将军叶1把大约12枝,每枝大约2尺/60cm长
(干品大约100g,生草药约200g,生品或干品皆可),
枝干和叶子都切碎一起下去煮。
2、红枣1把(大约十来颗)剖开,这样比较能出味。
放红枣是为了平衡黑面将军的寒性。
3、5000~6000cc水
煮法
把全部材料及水一起放进开大水壶内或大锅,以大火烧开后,转最小火,慢慢煮4小时就可以了(据说煮的越久就越能去除草药的寒性)。煮好后可以加些冰糖或红糖调味。放凉后可以放在冰箱内喝三两天,很可口。
Passiflora foetida
stinking passionflower 毛西番蓮
stinking passionflower 毛西番蓮
Passiflora foetida (common names: wild maracuja, bush passion fruit, marya-marya, wild water lemon, stinking passionflower, stoneflower love-in-a-mist or running pop ) is a species of passion flower out of 550 species of Passiflora that is native to the southwestern United States (southern Texasand Arizona), Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, Africa ,and much of South America.
It has been introduced to tropical regions around the world, such as Southeast Asia, South Asia, Hawaii, and The Maldives. It is a creeping vine like other members of the genus, and yields an edible fruit. The specific epithet, foetida, means "stinking" in Latin and refers to the strong aroma emitted by damaged foliage.
The stems are thin and wiry, covered with minute sticky yellow hairs. Older stems become woody. The leaves are three- to five-lobed and viscid-hairy.
When crushed, these leaves give off a pungent odor that some people consider unpleasant.
The flowers are white to pale cream coloured, about 5–6 cm diameter. The fruit is globose, 2–3 cm diameter, yellowish-orange to red when ripe, and has numerous black seeds embedded in the pulp; the fruit are eaten and the seeds dispersed by birds.
Passiflora foetida is able to trap insects on its bracts, which exude a sticky substance that also contains digestive enzymes. This minimizes predation on young flowers and fruits. Whether or not it gains nourishment from its prey is uncertain, and it is currently considered a protocarnivorous plant.
This passion flower tolerates arid ground, but favours moist areas. It is known to be an invasive species in some areas. This plant is also a widely grown perennial climber, and has been used in traditional medicine.
The fruits are roughly the size of a ping pong ball or kumquat and contain a bluish-white pulp that is mildly sweet and delicately flavored.
In the Philippines, the fruit of Passiflora foetida are known colloquially as marya-marya ('Little Mary'), 'kurombot', and santo papa (due to its resemblance to the Pope's mitre). Young leaves and plant tips are also edible. Dry leaves are used in tea in Vietnamese folk medicine to relieve sleeping problems, as well as treatment for itching and coughs.
Fully ripe fruit is Sweet and juicy. Do not eat the under-ripe fruit since it can be toxic. The globose yellow to bright red fruit is about 25mm in diameter.
Leaves can be cooked and used as an ingredient in soups.
Medicinal usage, the fresh, whole plant is boiled and the liquid used as a children's anthelmintic, for intestinal nematodes and flatworms. A decoction of the dried plant is drunk to treat colds and chest coughs. It is also used in the treatment of tuberculosis, worms, and for coughs and colds.
Fluid, pressed from the leaves and stem, is used to improve fertility in women. The root is antispasmodic.
The leaves are crushed in water and the solution drunk as an antidote to the bite of the Papuan Black Snake. The leaves, combined with those of Erythrina variegata, are mashed and their juice extracted then drunk in order to induce sleep or to treat sleeping disorders.
An infusion of the leaves is used for healing wounds.
Freshed young leaves are mashed and then rubbed on to the wound of a snake bite.
The leaf contains substances that have possible antimicrobial activity
Before maturity, the leaves and green fruit contain a cyanogenetic glucoside, and in excess can be dangerous to stock.
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Passifloraceae
Genus: Passiflora
Species: P. foetida
Binomial name Passiflora foetida
Passiflora foetida other names include :
Pokok Buah Ulat Bulu, 毛西番蓮又稱為小時計果、野百香果、龍珠果 、龍爪瓜、毛蛉兒、龍吞珠,神仙果,番瓜子、番瓜子、香花果、天仙果、野仙桃 。
常见于广西、广东、云南和台湾。
全草功能清熱、涼血、潤燥、化痰、利水、解毒。
主治肺热咳嗽果實潤肺、止痛 、可治瘡癰、無名腫毒。
全草可用於外傷性眼角膜或結膜炎、淋巴結炎、肺癆咳嗽、浮腫、白濁、燒燙傷、小便混浊、 癤腫。
[性味功能]
味甘、酸,性平。清肺止咳,解毒消肿。
It has been introduced to tropical regions around the world, such as Southeast Asia, South Asia, Hawaii, and The Maldives. It is a creeping vine like other members of the genus, and yields an edible fruit. The specific epithet, foetida, means "stinking" in Latin and refers to the strong aroma emitted by damaged foliage.
The stems are thin and wiry, covered with minute sticky yellow hairs. Older stems become woody. The leaves are three- to five-lobed and viscid-hairy.
When crushed, these leaves give off a pungent odor that some people consider unpleasant.
The flowers are white to pale cream coloured, about 5–6 cm diameter. The fruit is globose, 2–3 cm diameter, yellowish-orange to red when ripe, and has numerous black seeds embedded in the pulp; the fruit are eaten and the seeds dispersed by birds.
Passiflora foetida is able to trap insects on its bracts, which exude a sticky substance that also contains digestive enzymes. This minimizes predation on young flowers and fruits. Whether or not it gains nourishment from its prey is uncertain, and it is currently considered a protocarnivorous plant.
This passion flower tolerates arid ground, but favours moist areas. It is known to be an invasive species in some areas. This plant is also a widely grown perennial climber, and has been used in traditional medicine.
The fruits are roughly the size of a ping pong ball or kumquat and contain a bluish-white pulp that is mildly sweet and delicately flavored.
In the Philippines, the fruit of Passiflora foetida are known colloquially as marya-marya ('Little Mary'), 'kurombot', and santo papa (due to its resemblance to the Pope's mitre). Young leaves and plant tips are also edible. Dry leaves are used in tea in Vietnamese folk medicine to relieve sleeping problems, as well as treatment for itching and coughs.
Fully ripe fruit is Sweet and juicy. Do not eat the under-ripe fruit since it can be toxic. The globose yellow to bright red fruit is about 25mm in diameter.
Leaves can be cooked and used as an ingredient in soups.
Medicinal usage, the fresh, whole plant is boiled and the liquid used as a children's anthelmintic, for intestinal nematodes and flatworms. A decoction of the dried plant is drunk to treat colds and chest coughs. It is also used in the treatment of tuberculosis, worms, and for coughs and colds.
Fluid, pressed from the leaves and stem, is used to improve fertility in women. The root is antispasmodic.
The leaves are crushed in water and the solution drunk as an antidote to the bite of the Papuan Black Snake. The leaves, combined with those of Erythrina variegata, are mashed and their juice extracted then drunk in order to induce sleep or to treat sleeping disorders.
An infusion of the leaves is used for healing wounds.
Freshed young leaves are mashed and then rubbed on to the wound of a snake bite.
The leaf contains substances that have possible antimicrobial activity
Before maturity, the leaves and green fruit contain a cyanogenetic glucoside, and in excess can be dangerous to stock.
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Passifloraceae
Genus: Passiflora
Species: P. foetida
Binomial name Passiflora foetida
Passiflora foetida other names include :
Pokok Buah Ulat Bulu, 毛西番蓮又稱為小時計果、野百香果、龍珠果 、龍爪瓜、毛蛉兒、龍吞珠,神仙果,番瓜子、番瓜子、香花果、天仙果、野仙桃 。
常见于广西、广东、云南和台湾。
全草功能清熱、涼血、潤燥、化痰、利水、解毒。
主治肺热咳嗽果實潤肺、止痛 、可治瘡癰、無名腫毒。
全草可用於外傷性眼角膜或結膜炎、淋巴結炎、肺癆咳嗽、浮腫、白濁、燒燙傷、小便混浊、 癤腫。
[性味功能]
味甘、酸,性平。清肺止咳,解毒消肿。
Datura metel
洋金花
洋金花
Datura metel (洋金花) is a shrub-like annual or short-lived, shrubby perennial herb, commonly known in Europe as Indian Thornapple, Hindu Datura, or Metel and in the U.S.A as Devil's Trumpet.
Datura metel is naturalised in all the warmer countries of the world - notably in India, where it is known by the ancient, Sanskrit-derived, Hindi name धतूरा (dhatūra) -from which the genus name Datura is derived, and in Tamil as ஊமத்தை (ūmattai). The plant is cultivated worldwide, both as an ornamental and for its medicinal properties, the latter being due (like those of all Datura species) to its tropane alkaloid content.
An annual or short-lived shrubby perennial herb (lacking the fleshy, perennial roots found in perennial species such as Datura innoxia (from which it has been found to have been created by selective breeding) and Datura wrightii) growing up to 6 ft (1.8 m) high. It is slightly pubescent, with green to dark violet shoots and oval to broad oval leaves that are often dark violet as well. The pleasantly-scented 6–8 in (15–20 cm) flowers are immensely varied, and can be single or double.
Corolla colour can range from white to cream, yellow, red, and violet. The seed capsule is covered with numerous conical warts and a few spines. It is similar, in its above-ground parts, to Datura innoxia, but, while D. metel has almost glabrous leaves and fruits that are erect and warty, rather than spiny; D. innoxia is pilose (softly hairy) all over and has a markedly spiny, nodding fruit with a more prominently frilled and reflexed persistent calyx.
The flowers of wild Datura species are usually white (or pale), thin in texture, single and short-lived, the flowers of D. metel have several distinctive strong colour forms, are thick in texture, often have double or triple flowers (trumpet-like corollas nested one within the other) and can last for up to a week before withering. the seed capsules of wild Daturaspecies are usually clad with sharp spines which protect them from premature predation, while those of D. metel bear short, sparse spines or tubercles.
All parts of Datura plants contain dangerous levels of highly poisonous tropane alkaloids and may be fatal if ingested by humans or other animals, including livestock and pets. In some places, it is prohibited to buy, sell, or cultivate Datura plants.
Datura metel may be toxic if ingested in a tiny quantity, symptomatically expressed as flushed skin, headaches, hallucinations, and possibly convulsions or even a coma. The principal toxic elements are tropane alkaloids. Ingesting even a single leaf can lead to severe side effects.
Datura metel is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine, where it is called yáng jīn huā (洋金花). However, the ingestion of D. metel in any form is dangerous and should be treated with extreme caution. According to Drug & Cosmetic Act 1940 & Rule 1995, Datura metel is banned in India for use in Ayurvedic medicine.
Datura metel and Datura stramonium L. have largely similar medicinal uses throughout the world.
In tropical Africa as well as in Asia the most widely documented use of Datura metel is for relieving asthma, cough, tuberculosis and bronchitis by smoking the dried leaves, roots or flowers as a cigarette or in a pipe. These ‘asthma cigarettes’ have been shown to be very effective in some cases, but in other cases they had little or no effect. Cigarettes made with the leaves are also used to treat Parkinson’s disease. Widespread is also the use of different plant parts in various preparations for sedating patients with mental disorders.
In Africa other traditional uses of the leaves include the treatment of haemorrhoids, boils, sores, skin diseases, rheumatism, headache, toothache, cholera, parasites such as ringworm and guinea worm, and as an abortifacient and anaesthetic.
In Senegal, Guinea, Ghana and Nigeria crushed leaves are applied as poultices on inflammatory swellings and rheumatic joints. In Ghana a decoction of the leaves is used as eye drops to cure conjunctivitis and other eye complaints.
In Nigeria dried leaves are mixed with salt and pepper and burnt to treat asthma.
In Ethiopia the seed oil is used for massaging painful body parts.
In Asia Datura metel has similar medicinal applications, and it is used additionally to treat hydrophobia, epilepsy, convulsion, syphilis, inflammation of the breasts, smallpox, mumps and leprosy. Datura metel is also widely used as a pesticide. Seeds mixed with sorghum flour are used as poison bait for rats. Plant extracts have been used successfully against caterpillar pests in forestry, cotton pathogens and domestic vermin such as fleas and jigger, and to reduce insect damage in stored wheat and maize. They are useful to control the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica.
In Tanzania an extract made from the roots is sprinkled in houses to repel snakes.
In Africa Datura metel has ritual uses in many countries, e.g. in initiation rites in Nigeria and Mozambique. Most commonly the leaves are smoked, or they are boiled and eaten; seeds are similarly used.
Roots, seeds or leaves are added to alcoholic drinks to increase the intoxicating effect. Side effects include dry mouth and throat, eye pain, blurred vision, restlessness, dizziness, cardiac arrythmia, flushing and faintness. An overdose will cause headache, nausea, vomiting and affect the central nervous system causing symptoms including disorientation, hallucinations, euphoria, inappropriate affect, short-term memory loss and coma.
Datura metel is commonly cultivated as an ornamental, particularly types with double flowers and purple flowers. In East Africa the leaves are used to dye cloth green. In Ethiopia the seed oil is rubbed into fresh hides as a first step in the curing process.
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Genus: Datura
Species: D. metel
Binomial nameDatura metel
L.
洋金花(学名:Datura metel)
别名编辑中文:白花曼陀罗、曼陀罗花、广东闹洋花、风茄花、大喇叭花, 属茄科植物,是中医学常用的草药,但具有毒性,不能过量服用。洋金花多数生长于村边、路旁、荒地,在湿润向阳的土地较为常见。此花有可能原产自东印度[1]或美洲,在北美洲视为观赏植物,而香港则称之为“香港四大毒草”之一。
洋金花为一年生直立草本,约高0.5-1.5米,全株近乎无毛,茎呈深紫色。
花直立而单生,一般生长于叶腋或枝叉间,花梗长约1厘米,花萼圆筒形,长4-9厘米,直径2厘米;花冠呈漏斗形,有白色、淡黄色、淡紫色之分,长14-20厘米,檐部直径6-10厘米,野生类种为单瓣,培植的种类则有二重瓣或三重瓣,裂片有短尖,短尖下有3条纵脉纹。
洋金花(Datura metel L)与曼陀罗花(Datura stramonium)是生物分类法中的同一属,外形亦十分相似。不过,曼陀罗花的蒴果是规则4瓣裂,花萼有5棱,洋金花蒴果则为不规则4瓣裂,花萼没有棱。另外曼陀罗花的花冠亦比较细小。
洋金花全株皆含莨菪烷类生物碱,包括东莨菪碱(hyoscine)、莨菪碱(hyoscyamine)、阿托品(Atropine)这些物质有麻醉、止痛、松弛肌肉等作用。
经制炼的洋金花的花可用作麻醉,只需口服3-5克,5分钟就会发作,效力可长达5-6小时。如果服用过多,就会出现幻觉、中毒等病征,严重者会致命。
由于使用稍微过量便可致毒,故必须慎用。
从中医角度,多数以花入药,果、叶、根亦可,常于夏秋采集,洗净晒干备用。洋金花味苦、辛,性温,有大毒。
主治麻醉镇痛、平喘止咳。而在古时印度,因为洋金花含有麻醉作用,能减轻症状,所以会广泛用作治疗癫痫症、精神病、心脏病,甚至腹泻等病症。而在越南有人将洋金花的干花和叶子卷成香烟吸食。
Datura metel is naturalised in all the warmer countries of the world - notably in India, where it is known by the ancient, Sanskrit-derived, Hindi name धतूरा (dhatūra) -from which the genus name Datura is derived, and in Tamil as ஊமத்தை (ūmattai). The plant is cultivated worldwide, both as an ornamental and for its medicinal properties, the latter being due (like those of all Datura species) to its tropane alkaloid content.
An annual or short-lived shrubby perennial herb (lacking the fleshy, perennial roots found in perennial species such as Datura innoxia (from which it has been found to have been created by selective breeding) and Datura wrightii) growing up to 6 ft (1.8 m) high. It is slightly pubescent, with green to dark violet shoots and oval to broad oval leaves that are often dark violet as well. The pleasantly-scented 6–8 in (15–20 cm) flowers are immensely varied, and can be single or double.
Corolla colour can range from white to cream, yellow, red, and violet. The seed capsule is covered with numerous conical warts and a few spines. It is similar, in its above-ground parts, to Datura innoxia, but, while D. metel has almost glabrous leaves and fruits that are erect and warty, rather than spiny; D. innoxia is pilose (softly hairy) all over and has a markedly spiny, nodding fruit with a more prominently frilled and reflexed persistent calyx.
The flowers of wild Datura species are usually white (or pale), thin in texture, single and short-lived, the flowers of D. metel have several distinctive strong colour forms, are thick in texture, often have double or triple flowers (trumpet-like corollas nested one within the other) and can last for up to a week before withering. the seed capsules of wild Daturaspecies are usually clad with sharp spines which protect them from premature predation, while those of D. metel bear short, sparse spines or tubercles.
All parts of Datura plants contain dangerous levels of highly poisonous tropane alkaloids and may be fatal if ingested by humans or other animals, including livestock and pets. In some places, it is prohibited to buy, sell, or cultivate Datura plants.
Datura metel may be toxic if ingested in a tiny quantity, symptomatically expressed as flushed skin, headaches, hallucinations, and possibly convulsions or even a coma. The principal toxic elements are tropane alkaloids. Ingesting even a single leaf can lead to severe side effects.
Datura metel is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine, where it is called yáng jīn huā (洋金花). However, the ingestion of D. metel in any form is dangerous and should be treated with extreme caution. According to Drug & Cosmetic Act 1940 & Rule 1995, Datura metel is banned in India for use in Ayurvedic medicine.
Datura metel and Datura stramonium L. have largely similar medicinal uses throughout the world.
In tropical Africa as well as in Asia the most widely documented use of Datura metel is for relieving asthma, cough, tuberculosis and bronchitis by smoking the dried leaves, roots or flowers as a cigarette or in a pipe. These ‘asthma cigarettes’ have been shown to be very effective in some cases, but in other cases they had little or no effect. Cigarettes made with the leaves are also used to treat Parkinson’s disease. Widespread is also the use of different plant parts in various preparations for sedating patients with mental disorders.
In Africa other traditional uses of the leaves include the treatment of haemorrhoids, boils, sores, skin diseases, rheumatism, headache, toothache, cholera, parasites such as ringworm and guinea worm, and as an abortifacient and anaesthetic.
In Senegal, Guinea, Ghana and Nigeria crushed leaves are applied as poultices on inflammatory swellings and rheumatic joints. In Ghana a decoction of the leaves is used as eye drops to cure conjunctivitis and other eye complaints.
In Nigeria dried leaves are mixed with salt and pepper and burnt to treat asthma.
In Ethiopia the seed oil is used for massaging painful body parts.
In Asia Datura metel has similar medicinal applications, and it is used additionally to treat hydrophobia, epilepsy, convulsion, syphilis, inflammation of the breasts, smallpox, mumps and leprosy. Datura metel is also widely used as a pesticide. Seeds mixed with sorghum flour are used as poison bait for rats. Plant extracts have been used successfully against caterpillar pests in forestry, cotton pathogens and domestic vermin such as fleas and jigger, and to reduce insect damage in stored wheat and maize. They are useful to control the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica.
In Tanzania an extract made from the roots is sprinkled in houses to repel snakes.
In Africa Datura metel has ritual uses in many countries, e.g. in initiation rites in Nigeria and Mozambique. Most commonly the leaves are smoked, or they are boiled and eaten; seeds are similarly used.
Roots, seeds or leaves are added to alcoholic drinks to increase the intoxicating effect. Side effects include dry mouth and throat, eye pain, blurred vision, restlessness, dizziness, cardiac arrythmia, flushing and faintness. An overdose will cause headache, nausea, vomiting and affect the central nervous system causing symptoms including disorientation, hallucinations, euphoria, inappropriate affect, short-term memory loss and coma.
Datura metel is commonly cultivated as an ornamental, particularly types with double flowers and purple flowers. In East Africa the leaves are used to dye cloth green. In Ethiopia the seed oil is rubbed into fresh hides as a first step in the curing process.
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Genus: Datura
Species: D. metel
Binomial nameDatura metel
L.
洋金花(学名:Datura metel)
别名编辑中文:白花曼陀罗、曼陀罗花、广东闹洋花、风茄花、大喇叭花, 属茄科植物,是中医学常用的草药,但具有毒性,不能过量服用。洋金花多数生长于村边、路旁、荒地,在湿润向阳的土地较为常见。此花有可能原产自东印度[1]或美洲,在北美洲视为观赏植物,而香港则称之为“香港四大毒草”之一。
洋金花为一年生直立草本,约高0.5-1.5米,全株近乎无毛,茎呈深紫色。
花直立而单生,一般生长于叶腋或枝叉间,花梗长约1厘米,花萼圆筒形,长4-9厘米,直径2厘米;花冠呈漏斗形,有白色、淡黄色、淡紫色之分,长14-20厘米,檐部直径6-10厘米,野生类种为单瓣,培植的种类则有二重瓣或三重瓣,裂片有短尖,短尖下有3条纵脉纹。
洋金花(Datura metel L)与曼陀罗花(Datura stramonium)是生物分类法中的同一属,外形亦十分相似。不过,曼陀罗花的蒴果是规则4瓣裂,花萼有5棱,洋金花蒴果则为不规则4瓣裂,花萼没有棱。另外曼陀罗花的花冠亦比较细小。
洋金花全株皆含莨菪烷类生物碱,包括东莨菪碱(hyoscine)、莨菪碱(hyoscyamine)、阿托品(Atropine)这些物质有麻醉、止痛、松弛肌肉等作用。
经制炼的洋金花的花可用作麻醉,只需口服3-5克,5分钟就会发作,效力可长达5-6小时。如果服用过多,就会出现幻觉、中毒等病征,严重者会致命。
由于使用稍微过量便可致毒,故必须慎用。
从中医角度,多数以花入药,果、叶、根亦可,常于夏秋采集,洗净晒干备用。洋金花味苦、辛,性温,有大毒。
主治麻醉镇痛、平喘止咳。而在古时印度,因为洋金花含有麻醉作用,能减轻症状,所以会广泛用作治疗癫痫症、精神病、心脏病,甚至腹泻等病症。而在越南有人将洋金花的干花和叶子卷成香烟吸食。
Eryngium foetidum, 刺芫荽,
(ผักชีฝรั่ง) phakchi-farang
(ผักชีฝรั่ง) phakchi-farang
Eryngium foetidum is a tropical perennial herb in the family Apiaceae. Common names include culantro, recao, shadow beni, Mexican coriander, bhandhania, long coriander, sawtooth coriander, Pak Chee Farang and ngò gai in thai. It is native to Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America, but is cultivated worldwide, sometimes being grown as an annual in temperate climates.
E. foetidum is widely used in seasoning and marinating. It is used extensively in Cambodia, Thailand, India, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and other parts of Asia as a culinary herb. It dries well, retaining good color and flavor, making it valuable in the dried herb industry. It is sometimes used as a substitute for coriander, but it has a much stronger taste.
The plant is used in traditional medicines in tropical regions for burns, earache, fevers and chills, vomiting, hypertension, constipation, fits, asthma, worms,
stomachache, infertility complications, snake bites,
scorpion stings, diarrhea, epilepsy and malaria.
The leaves and roots are boiled and the water drunk for pneumonia, flu, diabetes, constipation, and malaria fever. The root can be eaten raw for scorpion stings and in India the root is reportedly used to alleviate stomach pains. The leaves themselves can be eaten in the form of a chutney as an appetite stimulant.
E. foetidum is also known as E. antihystericum. The specific name antihystericum reflects the fact that this plant has traditionally been used for epilepsy. The plant is said to calm a person's 'spirit' and thus prevents epileptic 'fits', so is known by the common names spiritweed and fitweed. A decoction of the leaves has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in rats.
E. foetidum is reported to be rich in calcium, iron, carotene, and riboflavin.
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Eryngium
Species: E. foetidum
Binomial name Eryngium foetidum
Indonesia: walangan (Jakarta), ketumbar jawa (Sumatra), tumbar mungsi (Javanese)
Malaysia: ketumbar, ketumbar Java
Philippines: cilantro (Tagalog)
Cambodia: chi baraing, chi banla, chi sangkaëch
Laos: phak ho:m th'e:d
Thailand: (ผักชีฝรั่ง) phakchi-farang (central), hom-pomkula (northern), mae-lae-doe (northern)
Vietnam= ngò tây, ngò gai, mùi tầu
刺芫荽又叫香菜、假芫荽、节节花、野香草、假香荽、缅芫荽、阿佤芫荽等,是一种在我国广东、广西、贵州、云南等地有广泛种植的植物,因为其性味辛、微苦,因此在治疗感冒、肠炎、腹泻等问题上具有很好的效果。不过因为刺芫荽是属于一种中药材,因此在中药配伍上有很多需要我们注意的问题。
刺芫荽的功效与作用
性味:辛、微苦,温。
功效:疏风除热,芳香健胃。
主治:感冒,麻疹内陷,气管炎,肠炎,腹泻,急性传染性肝炎;外用治跌打肿痛。
E. foetidum is widely used in seasoning and marinating. It is used extensively in Cambodia, Thailand, India, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and other parts of Asia as a culinary herb. It dries well, retaining good color and flavor, making it valuable in the dried herb industry. It is sometimes used as a substitute for coriander, but it has a much stronger taste.
The plant is used in traditional medicines in tropical regions for burns, earache, fevers and chills, vomiting, hypertension, constipation, fits, asthma, worms,
stomachache, infertility complications, snake bites,
scorpion stings, diarrhea, epilepsy and malaria.
The leaves and roots are boiled and the water drunk for pneumonia, flu, diabetes, constipation, and malaria fever. The root can be eaten raw for scorpion stings and in India the root is reportedly used to alleviate stomach pains. The leaves themselves can be eaten in the form of a chutney as an appetite stimulant.
E. foetidum is also known as E. antihystericum. The specific name antihystericum reflects the fact that this plant has traditionally been used for epilepsy. The plant is said to calm a person's 'spirit' and thus prevents epileptic 'fits', so is known by the common names spiritweed and fitweed. A decoction of the leaves has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in rats.
E. foetidum is reported to be rich in calcium, iron, carotene, and riboflavin.
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Eryngium
Species: E. foetidum
Binomial name Eryngium foetidum
Indonesia: walangan (Jakarta), ketumbar jawa (Sumatra), tumbar mungsi (Javanese)
Malaysia: ketumbar, ketumbar Java
Philippines: cilantro (Tagalog)
Cambodia: chi baraing, chi banla, chi sangkaëch
Laos: phak ho:m th'e:d
Thailand: (ผักชีฝรั่ง) phakchi-farang (central), hom-pomkula (northern), mae-lae-doe (northern)
Vietnam= ngò tây, ngò gai, mùi tầu
刺芫荽又叫香菜、假芫荽、节节花、野香草、假香荽、缅芫荽、阿佤芫荽等,是一种在我国广东、广西、贵州、云南等地有广泛种植的植物,因为其性味辛、微苦,因此在治疗感冒、肠炎、腹泻等问题上具有很好的效果。不过因为刺芫荽是属于一种中药材,因此在中药配伍上有很多需要我们注意的问题。
刺芫荽的功效与作用
性味:辛、微苦,温。
功效:疏风除热,芳香健胃。
主治:感冒,麻疹内陷,气管炎,肠炎,腹泻,急性传染性肝炎;外用治跌打肿痛。
Physalis minima
小酸浆
小酸浆
The genus Physalis, which belongs to the Solanaceae family, contains over 100 species. Many Solanaceae plants have food and medicinal uses. They are primarily weeds of cultivated area, waste place and disturbed ground, the fruit of which have been valued as bush tucker wherever they are found.
The major chemical constituents in the plant are phenolics and alkaloids and they may be potent to be anti-infection agent. Extracts from the plant also have shown that they have anticancer activity.
Physalis minima is a species of perennial herbs belonging to the family Solanaceae. Common names are, Native gooseberry, wild cape gooseberry and pygmy groundcherry. It is a pantropical annual herb 20–50 cm high at its maturity.
Leaves are soft and smooth (not furry), with entire or jagged margins, 2.5–12 cm long. Cream to yellowish flowers are followed by edible yellowish fruit encapsulated in papery cover which turns straw brown and drops to the ground when the fruit is fully ripe. The plant tends to have a weedy character, often found growing in disturbed sites.
The fruit has a pleasant cherry-tomato like flavor when fully ripe.
Often used to relieve pain (analgesic action). In a study the whole plant extract has shown anti-inflammatory and analgesic action in rats.
The fruit can be dispersed by wind. The dispersal mechanism is called balloon mechanism. The space between the fruit and the covering calyx works as air bladder at early stages. The fruit is called 'bon-tepari' or simply 'tepari' in Bengali.
Physalis minima had numerous medicinal uses. The fruit was popular for its effective diuretic properties, which led to its use in treating dropsy, urinary tract disorders, gout, and gonorrhea.
In Malay Peninsula the leaves, which have been smeared with coconut oil and then heated, can be applied to ulcers, wounds and pustules. The root can be used as an anthelmintic and to treat fever and headache.
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Genus: Physalis
Species: P. minima
Binomial namePhysalis minima
L.
小酸浆(学名:Physalis minima L.)
是茄科酸浆属一年生草本植物,根细瘦;主轴短缩,顶端多二歧分枝,分枝披散而卧于地上或斜升,生短柔毛。叶柄细弱,长1-1.5厘米。花具细弱的花梗,花梗长约5毫米,生短柔毛;果萼近球状或卵球状,直径1-1.5厘米;果实球状,直径约6毫米。
广泛分布于东半球热带及亚热带地区。
别名,
天泡子、挂金灯、灯笼果、打额泡、天泡草 。
主要价值
药用:全株药用有清热、化痰、消炎、解毒之效,利尿止血,消肿散结,可治感冒发热,咽喉肿痛,小儿天泡疮,
湿热疮。
食用:采摘嫩茎叶焯熟,清水浸去酸苦味,油盐调食。
果实成熟后亦可制作凉菜、饮品、点缀菜肴或直接食用。
常见的菜肴有:凉拌酸浆菜、 肉丝炒酸浆、白玉酸浆汤。
酸浆的用法和用量
内服: 煎汤,10-15g。或捣汁,研末。
外用: 适量,煎水洗; 研末调敷或捣敷。
The major chemical constituents in the plant are phenolics and alkaloids and they may be potent to be anti-infection agent. Extracts from the plant also have shown that they have anticancer activity.
Physalis minima is a species of perennial herbs belonging to the family Solanaceae. Common names are, Native gooseberry, wild cape gooseberry and pygmy groundcherry. It is a pantropical annual herb 20–50 cm high at its maturity.
Leaves are soft and smooth (not furry), with entire or jagged margins, 2.5–12 cm long. Cream to yellowish flowers are followed by edible yellowish fruit encapsulated in papery cover which turns straw brown and drops to the ground when the fruit is fully ripe. The plant tends to have a weedy character, often found growing in disturbed sites.
The fruit has a pleasant cherry-tomato like flavor when fully ripe.
Often used to relieve pain (analgesic action). In a study the whole plant extract has shown anti-inflammatory and analgesic action in rats.
The fruit can be dispersed by wind. The dispersal mechanism is called balloon mechanism. The space between the fruit and the covering calyx works as air bladder at early stages. The fruit is called 'bon-tepari' or simply 'tepari' in Bengali.
Physalis minima had numerous medicinal uses. The fruit was popular for its effective diuretic properties, which led to its use in treating dropsy, urinary tract disorders, gout, and gonorrhea.
In Malay Peninsula the leaves, which have been smeared with coconut oil and then heated, can be applied to ulcers, wounds and pustules. The root can be used as an anthelmintic and to treat fever and headache.
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Genus: Physalis
Species: P. minima
Binomial namePhysalis minima
L.
小酸浆(学名:Physalis minima L.)
是茄科酸浆属一年生草本植物,根细瘦;主轴短缩,顶端多二歧分枝,分枝披散而卧于地上或斜升,生短柔毛。叶柄细弱,长1-1.5厘米。花具细弱的花梗,花梗长约5毫米,生短柔毛;果萼近球状或卵球状,直径1-1.5厘米;果实球状,直径约6毫米。
广泛分布于东半球热带及亚热带地区。
别名,
天泡子、挂金灯、灯笼果、打额泡、天泡草 。
主要价值
药用:全株药用有清热、化痰、消炎、解毒之效,利尿止血,消肿散结,可治感冒发热,咽喉肿痛,小儿天泡疮,
湿热疮。
食用:采摘嫩茎叶焯熟,清水浸去酸苦味,油盐调食。
果实成熟后亦可制作凉菜、饮品、点缀菜肴或直接食用。
常见的菜肴有:凉拌酸浆菜、 肉丝炒酸浆、白玉酸浆汤。
酸浆的用法和用量
内服: 煎汤,10-15g。或捣汁,研末。
外用: 适量,煎水洗; 研末调敷或捣敷。
Justicia gendarussa
小驳骨又名接骨木
小驳骨又名接骨木
Justicia gendarussa, commonly known as willow-leaved justicia is a small erect, branched shrub.
The plant is widely used in various forms for many of its medicinal and insecticidal properties and that it is a quick-growing, evergreen forest shrub considered to be a native of China and distributed in Sri Lanka, India, Singapore and Malaysia. The plant is often used for living fences.
It is said to be useful in asthma, rheumatism and colics of children. It may have the potential to be the basis for a birth control pill for men.
The plant has shown promise as a source of a compound that inhibits an enzyme crucial to the development of HIV.
Justicia gendarussa is also commonly known as Daun Rusa in Malay is one of the traditional medicinal plants with diverse biological activities.
A poultice of the fresh leaves is traditionally used for the treatment of minor cuts, fractures, wounds and sprains by the tribes of Iban, Kayan and Kenyah.
The leaves and young shoots are antiperiodic, antispasmodic, cardiotonic, carminative, diaphoretic, emetic and febrifuge.
A decoction is used in the treatment of chronic rheumatism. An infusion of the leaves is taken internally in the treatment of a wide range of conditions including pains in the head, paralysis of one side of the body and facial paralysis; lumbago, amenorrhoea, swellings, fevers, coughs, asthma, colics, eczema, cephalalgia, hemiplegia, facial paralysis, earache and hemicrania.
The leaves are also used in preparations to treat gonorrhoea, amenorrhoea and malaria. The leaf juice is applied topically in the treatment of earache.
The fresh leaves are applied topically as a treatment for oedema and swellings due to beri-beri and rheumatism; to relieve headaches and pains.
A decoction is used for bathing during and after childbirth. The bitter root is anodyne, diaphoretic, diuretic and laxative. It is used for treating rheumatism, thrush, fevers, cough, dysuria, diarrhoea, jaundice and as antivenin.
The root bark is antiamoebic, antitussive, diuretic, emetic and febrifuge. It is used in the treatment of wounds and allergies. The whole plant is emetic and febrifuge, A decoction is used to treat bruises.
Other Uses
The dried leaves are used to repel insects from clothing
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Acanthaceae
Genus: Justicia
Species: J. gendarussa
Binomial name Justicia gendarussa
Burm.f.
小驳骨又名接骨木、接骨筒、乌骨黄藤是一种可以治疗多种疾病的草药,尤其是跌打损伤诸症,疗效尤佳。因它续筋接骨之力特强,故有“小驳骨丹”之称。它生于屋前屋后,村过村旁,山下池边等阴湿处,常栽培为绿蓠。
中文名(Chinese Name):小驳骨
学名(Scientific Name):Justicia gendarussa L. f.
别名(Chinese Common Name):接骨草
The plant is widely used in various forms for many of its medicinal and insecticidal properties and that it is a quick-growing, evergreen forest shrub considered to be a native of China and distributed in Sri Lanka, India, Singapore and Malaysia. The plant is often used for living fences.
It is said to be useful in asthma, rheumatism and colics of children. It may have the potential to be the basis for a birth control pill for men.
The plant has shown promise as a source of a compound that inhibits an enzyme crucial to the development of HIV.
Justicia gendarussa is also commonly known as Daun Rusa in Malay is one of the traditional medicinal plants with diverse biological activities.
A poultice of the fresh leaves is traditionally used for the treatment of minor cuts, fractures, wounds and sprains by the tribes of Iban, Kayan and Kenyah.
The leaves and young shoots are antiperiodic, antispasmodic, cardiotonic, carminative, diaphoretic, emetic and febrifuge.
A decoction is used in the treatment of chronic rheumatism. An infusion of the leaves is taken internally in the treatment of a wide range of conditions including pains in the head, paralysis of one side of the body and facial paralysis; lumbago, amenorrhoea, swellings, fevers, coughs, asthma, colics, eczema, cephalalgia, hemiplegia, facial paralysis, earache and hemicrania.
The leaves are also used in preparations to treat gonorrhoea, amenorrhoea and malaria. The leaf juice is applied topically in the treatment of earache.
The fresh leaves are applied topically as a treatment for oedema and swellings due to beri-beri and rheumatism; to relieve headaches and pains.
A decoction is used for bathing during and after childbirth. The bitter root is anodyne, diaphoretic, diuretic and laxative. It is used for treating rheumatism, thrush, fevers, cough, dysuria, diarrhoea, jaundice and as antivenin.
The root bark is antiamoebic, antitussive, diuretic, emetic and febrifuge. It is used in the treatment of wounds and allergies. The whole plant is emetic and febrifuge, A decoction is used to treat bruises.
Other Uses
The dried leaves are used to repel insects from clothing
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Acanthaceae
Genus: Justicia
Species: J. gendarussa
Binomial name Justicia gendarussa
Burm.f.
小驳骨又名接骨木、接骨筒、乌骨黄藤是一种可以治疗多种疾病的草药,尤其是跌打损伤诸症,疗效尤佳。因它续筋接骨之力特强,故有“小驳骨丹”之称。它生于屋前屋后,村过村旁,山下池边等阴湿处,常栽培为绿蓠。
中文名(Chinese Name):小驳骨
学名(Scientific Name):Justicia gendarussa L. f.
别名(Chinese Common Name):接骨草
Aloe vera
芦荟
芦荟
Aloe vera is a succulent plant species of the genus Aloe. An evergreen perennial, it originates from the Arabian Peninsula, but grows wild in tropical, semi-tropical, and arid climates around the world. It is cultivated for agricultural and medicinal uses. The species is also used for decorative purposes and grows successfully indoors as a potted plant.
Aloe vera gel contains powerful antioxidants belonging to a large family of substances known as polyphenols.
These polyphenols, along with several other compounds in aloe vera, help inhibit the growth of certain bacteria that can cause infections in humans.
Aloe vera is known for its antibacterial, antiviral, and antiseptic properties. This is part of why it may help heal wounds and treat skin problems.
It is found in many consumer products including beverages, skin lotion, cosmetics, or ointments for minor burns and sunburns. There is little clinical evidence for the effectiveness or safety of Aloe vera extract as a cosmetic or medicine
Aloe vera is a stemless or very short-stemmed plant growing to 60–100 cm (24–39 in) tall, spreading by offsets. The leaves are thick and fleshy, green to grey-green, with some varieties showing white flecks on their upper and lower stem surfaces. The margin of the leaf is serrated and has small white teeth. The flowers are produced in summer on a spike up to 90 cm (35 in) tall, each flower being pendulous, with a yellow tubular corolla 2–3 cm (0.8–1.2 in) long. Like other Aloe species, Aloe vera forms arbuscular mycorrhiza, a symbiosis that allows the plant better access to mineral nutrients in soil.
Aloe vera leaves contain phytochemicals under study for possible bioactivity, such as acetylated mannans, polymannans, anthraquinone C-glycosides, anthrones, and other anthraquinones, such as emodin and various lectins.
Two substances from Aloe vera – a clear gel and its yellow latex – are used to manufacture commercial products. Aloe gel typically is used to make topical medications for skin conditions, such as burns, wounds, frostbite, rashes, psoriasis, cold sores, or dry skin. Aloe latex is used individually or manufactured as a product with other ingredients to be ingested for relief of constipation.
Topical medication and potential side effects. Aloe vera may be prepared as a lotion, gel, soap or cosmetics product for use on skin as a topical medication.
For people with allergies to Aloe vera, skin reactions may include contact dermatitis with mild redness and itching, difficulty with breathing, or swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asphodelaceae
Subfamily: Asphodeloideae
Genus: Aloe
Species: A. vera
Binomial name Aloe vera
(L.) Burm.f.
芦荟(学名:Aloe vera) 为百合目、百合科的多年生常绿草本植物。
又名库拉索芦荟、中华芦荟、油葱、洋芦荟、翠叶芦荟、美国芦荟等。叶簇生、大而肥厚,呈座状或生于茎顶,叶常披针形或叶短宽,边缘有尖齿状刺。花序为伞形、总状、穗状、圆锥形等,色呈红、黄或具赤色斑点,花瓣六片、雌蕊六枚。花被基部多连合成筒状。
芦荟(即库拉索芦荟)是芦荟属中少数可食用的物种之一,其制品被广泛应用于食品、美容、保健、医药等领域。但芦荟也具有一定毒性,孕妇、婴幼儿不宜食用。普通人每日食用库拉索芦荟凝胶不宜超过30克。对芦荟的过敏反应包括皮肤红肿、粗糙等现象,轻者出现恶心、呕吐、腹泻等症状,重者可引起急性肾炎。
“芦荟”一词有时也被用作对芦荟属植物的泛称。
Aloe vera gel contains powerful antioxidants belonging to a large family of substances known as polyphenols.
These polyphenols, along with several other compounds in aloe vera, help inhibit the growth of certain bacteria that can cause infections in humans.
Aloe vera is known for its antibacterial, antiviral, and antiseptic properties. This is part of why it may help heal wounds and treat skin problems.
It is found in many consumer products including beverages, skin lotion, cosmetics, or ointments for minor burns and sunburns. There is little clinical evidence for the effectiveness or safety of Aloe vera extract as a cosmetic or medicine
Aloe vera is a stemless or very short-stemmed plant growing to 60–100 cm (24–39 in) tall, spreading by offsets. The leaves are thick and fleshy, green to grey-green, with some varieties showing white flecks on their upper and lower stem surfaces. The margin of the leaf is serrated and has small white teeth. The flowers are produced in summer on a spike up to 90 cm (35 in) tall, each flower being pendulous, with a yellow tubular corolla 2–3 cm (0.8–1.2 in) long. Like other Aloe species, Aloe vera forms arbuscular mycorrhiza, a symbiosis that allows the plant better access to mineral nutrients in soil.
Aloe vera leaves contain phytochemicals under study for possible bioactivity, such as acetylated mannans, polymannans, anthraquinone C-glycosides, anthrones, and other anthraquinones, such as emodin and various lectins.
Two substances from Aloe vera – a clear gel and its yellow latex – are used to manufacture commercial products. Aloe gel typically is used to make topical medications for skin conditions, such as burns, wounds, frostbite, rashes, psoriasis, cold sores, or dry skin. Aloe latex is used individually or manufactured as a product with other ingredients to be ingested for relief of constipation.
Topical medication and potential side effects. Aloe vera may be prepared as a lotion, gel, soap or cosmetics product for use on skin as a topical medication.
For people with allergies to Aloe vera, skin reactions may include contact dermatitis with mild redness and itching, difficulty with breathing, or swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asphodelaceae
Subfamily: Asphodeloideae
Genus: Aloe
Species: A. vera
Binomial name Aloe vera
(L.) Burm.f.
芦荟(学名:Aloe vera) 为百合目、百合科的多年生常绿草本植物。
又名库拉索芦荟、中华芦荟、油葱、洋芦荟、翠叶芦荟、美国芦荟等。叶簇生、大而肥厚,呈座状或生于茎顶,叶常披针形或叶短宽,边缘有尖齿状刺。花序为伞形、总状、穗状、圆锥形等,色呈红、黄或具赤色斑点,花瓣六片、雌蕊六枚。花被基部多连合成筒状。
芦荟(即库拉索芦荟)是芦荟属中少数可食用的物种之一,其制品被广泛应用于食品、美容、保健、医药等领域。但芦荟也具有一定毒性,孕妇、婴幼儿不宜食用。普通人每日食用库拉索芦荟凝胶不宜超过30克。对芦荟的过敏反应包括皮肤红肿、粗糙等现象,轻者出现恶心、呕吐、腹泻等症状,重者可引起急性肾炎。
“芦荟”一词有时也被用作对芦荟属植物的泛称。
Melothria scabra
老鼠拉冬瓜
老鼠拉冬瓜
Melothria scabra, also known as the cucamelon, is a vine grown for its edible fruit. Fruits are about the size of grapes and taste like cucumbers with a tinge of sourness. Vernacular names include mouse melon, Mexican sour gherkin, cucamelon, Mexican miniature watermelon, Mexican sour cucumber and pepquinos.
This plant is native to Mexico and Central America, where it is called sandita (little watermelon). It is believed to have been a domesticated crop before Western colonization of the Americas began.
These plants are slow-growing when they are establishing themselves, but can eventually grow up to ten feet under proper conditions. They are drought resistant and pest-resistant relative to other cucumbers.
Similar to the cucumber, these plants are monoecious, producing both male and female flowers on the same plant. These plants can pollinate themselves, but the individual flowers are not self-fertile. Flowers are small and yellow, about four millimeters in diameter. Fruits develop at the base of the female flower.
Clade: Rosids
Order: Cucurbitales
Family: Cucurbitaceae
Genus:Melothria
Species: M. scabra
Binomial name Melothria scabra
Naudin
老鼠拉冬瓜是一种葫芦科、马交儿属藤本植物,常生于荒地灌木丛、村边、林边潮湿地,常缠绕灌木上,具有清肝肺热、祛湿、利小便等功效。
形态特征
多年生草质藤本,长1~2米,有不分枝卷须。根部分膨大成一串纺锤形块根,大小相同,故有老鼠拉冬瓜之名,富含淀粉,所以也作土花粉用。茎纤细,柔弱。单叶互生,有细长柄;叶片卵状三角形,膜质。夏季开白色花。果实卵形或近椭圆形,长1~2厘米,橙黄色,果皮甚薄,内有多数扁平种子。一年生攀援或平卧草本,茎、枝纤细。叶膜质,多型,三角状卵形、卵状心形或戟形,不分裂或3~5分裂,顶端急尖或稀短渐尖,基部弯缺关圆形。雌雄同株,雄花单生或稀2~3朵生于短的总状花序上,花冠淡黄色;雌花与雄花在同一叶腋内单生或稀双生,花冠阔钟形。果实长圆形或狭卵形,种子灰白色。花期4~7月,果期7~10月。
老鼠拉冬瓜的功效与作用
【性味】
甘、苦,凉。
【功能主治】
清热解毒,消肿散结。用于咽喉肿痛,结膜炎;外用治疮疡肿毒,淋巴结结核,睾丸炎,皮肤湿疹。
This plant is native to Mexico and Central America, where it is called sandita (little watermelon). It is believed to have been a domesticated crop before Western colonization of the Americas began.
These plants are slow-growing when they are establishing themselves, but can eventually grow up to ten feet under proper conditions. They are drought resistant and pest-resistant relative to other cucumbers.
Similar to the cucumber, these plants are monoecious, producing both male and female flowers on the same plant. These plants can pollinate themselves, but the individual flowers are not self-fertile. Flowers are small and yellow, about four millimeters in diameter. Fruits develop at the base of the female flower.
Clade: Rosids
Order: Cucurbitales
Family: Cucurbitaceae
Genus:Melothria
Species: M. scabra
Binomial name Melothria scabra
Naudin
老鼠拉冬瓜是一种葫芦科、马交儿属藤本植物,常生于荒地灌木丛、村边、林边潮湿地,常缠绕灌木上,具有清肝肺热、祛湿、利小便等功效。
形态特征
多年生草质藤本,长1~2米,有不分枝卷须。根部分膨大成一串纺锤形块根,大小相同,故有老鼠拉冬瓜之名,富含淀粉,所以也作土花粉用。茎纤细,柔弱。单叶互生,有细长柄;叶片卵状三角形,膜质。夏季开白色花。果实卵形或近椭圆形,长1~2厘米,橙黄色,果皮甚薄,内有多数扁平种子。一年生攀援或平卧草本,茎、枝纤细。叶膜质,多型,三角状卵形、卵状心形或戟形,不分裂或3~5分裂,顶端急尖或稀短渐尖,基部弯缺关圆形。雌雄同株,雄花单生或稀2~3朵生于短的总状花序上,花冠淡黄色;雌花与雄花在同一叶腋内单生或稀双生,花冠阔钟形。果实长圆形或狭卵形,种子灰白色。花期4~7月,果期7~10月。
老鼠拉冬瓜的功效与作用
【性味】
甘、苦,凉。
【功能主治】
清热解毒,消肿散结。用于咽喉肿痛,结膜炎;外用治疮疡肿毒,淋巴结结核,睾丸炎,皮肤湿疹。
Clidemia hirta
(毛野牡丹藤)
(毛野牡丹藤)
Clidemia hirta, is commonly called soapbush or Koster's curse, is a perennial shrub. It is an invasive plant species in many tropical regions of the world, creating serious damage.
Chinese name (毛野牡丹藤)
Malay name Sendudok Bulu, Senduduk Rimba.
Originally from the American Neotropics
(Mexico to Paraguay as well as the Caribbean), it has been introduced broadly across Southern Asia and East Africa, and occurs in two isolated areas within Australia.
This species grows successfully in humid tropical climates and typically invades both disturbed and undisturbed habitats. It is a potential weed of wetter pastures, open grasslands, plantations, roadsides, wetter open woodlands, riparian zones (banks of watercourses), forest margins and rainforests.
The leaves add with water rup it will create bubble forms and are use as soap for bathing by the Orang Asli or Aborigine.
The leaves are also use as traditional medicine as a antiseptic apply to old wounds, cuts and animals bites to stop bleeding. The infusion is used for women with heavy menses, leaves and roots are boil and drink to help constipation, flu and cough..
The flowers are arranged in small clusters at the tips of the branches. Each flower is borne on a very short stalk and has five white, or occasionally pale pinkish, petals. The base of the flower is swollen into a cup-shaped structure which is moderately to sparsely covered with a mixture of bristly and sticky hairs. The flowers also have five sepals, but these are very small, and five distinctive stamens that have a claw-like appearance.
The small, rounded fruit are berries and are either dark blue, purplish or blackish in color. These fruit are also covered in stiff spreading hairs, especially when they are young. The berries are up to 8 millimetres (0.31 in) long and taste a bit like a deeply flavored blueberry. Each fruit contains more than 700 tiny (0.5 mm) seeds. It flowers and fruits all year, if conditions are moist enough.
In terms of economic uses, Clidemia hirta has been widely introduced as an ornamental plants and are used for decorative purposes, such as gardens and houseplants.
Scientific research has confirmed that the leaves contain saponin, phenolics and flavonoids. These substances correlate with antioxidant and antibacterial activity from leaf extracts. The presence of antioxidants even had a group patent the plant for potential use in cosmetics.
The human edibility factor of this berry has not been fully explored. The tannin inside of the fruits is poisonous to goats but is not harmful to humans and a delicious syrup may be made from the fruit.
To start with the latter – their taste is quite nice. Kind of bland compared to blueberries, but still somewhat sweet.
They are a good addition to baked goods and juices and nice to pop a few in the mouth. As is the case with many fruits – the deeper the colour, the more antioxidants it contains. In its ripe state, the Clidemia berries are deep purple or blue. Compared to its blueberry look-a-like, the Clidemia is higher in fibre, lipid and protein, and has a lower sugar content, which brings its net calorie count to approximately the same. Little research has been done on other nutritional facts, but the berry is rich in vitamin C.
The syrup has a beautiful indigo blue color and may be used to enhance and remove the bitterness of teas such as yerba mate. Furthermore, the plant is used in Brazil to treat Leishmania braziliensis skin infections (Franca et al., 1996).
Biosecurity trials in Australia show that the seeds can remain viable in the soil for at least 12 years.
Order: Myrtales
Family: Melastomataceae
Genus: Clidemia
Species: C. hirta
Binomial name Clidemia hirta
Clidemia hirta (毛野牡丹藤)
为野牡丹科毛野牡丹属下的一个种。国际自然保护联盟物种存续委员会的入侵物种专家小组(ISSG)列为世界百大外来入侵种。
它是大多数热带地区的一种入侵植物物种,对其他植物造成严重损害。
毛野牡丹藤,叶子上有柔软的羽毛。绿叶表面有光泽,叶子是椭圆形的。叶子宽,尖端锥形。花在小枝的末端呈串状出现。这些花通常是白色或粉红色或粉红色。果实圆润蓬松。年轻时颜色是绿色的,成熟时会变成有光泽的黑色。在这个水果发现的单宁对山羊和绵羊有毒。
生长于荒野、山坡、路旁。
毛野牡丹藤的叶子加上水会有泡沫
可以用作洗涤肥皂。叶被压碎可以止血。
在传统的马来和天然药物中,由于其长期以来作为治疗细菌感染的传统药物的医疗功能而被选中。野牡丹科植物丹宁酸收入 (tanniferous) 和贡献者sifatrasa酸味或苦味(涩), 因此常用止泻,出血,感染和伤口愈合和产后恢复新鲜。
这种植物的根炖已经被用于治疗由于中毒引起的发烧.
巴西原产,用这种植物治疗皮肤利什曼病。
在传统的民间医学实践和马达加斯加Tanala村,而用于普通感冒和混合叶和根牧场用于胃病。
Chinese name (毛野牡丹藤)
Malay name Sendudok Bulu, Senduduk Rimba.
Originally from the American Neotropics
(Mexico to Paraguay as well as the Caribbean), it has been introduced broadly across Southern Asia and East Africa, and occurs in two isolated areas within Australia.
This species grows successfully in humid tropical climates and typically invades both disturbed and undisturbed habitats. It is a potential weed of wetter pastures, open grasslands, plantations, roadsides, wetter open woodlands, riparian zones (banks of watercourses), forest margins and rainforests.
The leaves add with water rup it will create bubble forms and are use as soap for bathing by the Orang Asli or Aborigine.
The leaves are also use as traditional medicine as a antiseptic apply to old wounds, cuts and animals bites to stop bleeding. The infusion is used for women with heavy menses, leaves and roots are boil and drink to help constipation, flu and cough..
The flowers are arranged in small clusters at the tips of the branches. Each flower is borne on a very short stalk and has five white, or occasionally pale pinkish, petals. The base of the flower is swollen into a cup-shaped structure which is moderately to sparsely covered with a mixture of bristly and sticky hairs. The flowers also have five sepals, but these are very small, and five distinctive stamens that have a claw-like appearance.
The small, rounded fruit are berries and are either dark blue, purplish or blackish in color. These fruit are also covered in stiff spreading hairs, especially when they are young. The berries are up to 8 millimetres (0.31 in) long and taste a bit like a deeply flavored blueberry. Each fruit contains more than 700 tiny (0.5 mm) seeds. It flowers and fruits all year, if conditions are moist enough.
In terms of economic uses, Clidemia hirta has been widely introduced as an ornamental plants and are used for decorative purposes, such as gardens and houseplants.
Scientific research has confirmed that the leaves contain saponin, phenolics and flavonoids. These substances correlate with antioxidant and antibacterial activity from leaf extracts. The presence of antioxidants even had a group patent the plant for potential use in cosmetics.
The human edibility factor of this berry has not been fully explored. The tannin inside of the fruits is poisonous to goats but is not harmful to humans and a delicious syrup may be made from the fruit.
To start with the latter – their taste is quite nice. Kind of bland compared to blueberries, but still somewhat sweet.
They are a good addition to baked goods and juices and nice to pop a few in the mouth. As is the case with many fruits – the deeper the colour, the more antioxidants it contains. In its ripe state, the Clidemia berries are deep purple or blue. Compared to its blueberry look-a-like, the Clidemia is higher in fibre, lipid and protein, and has a lower sugar content, which brings its net calorie count to approximately the same. Little research has been done on other nutritional facts, but the berry is rich in vitamin C.
The syrup has a beautiful indigo blue color and may be used to enhance and remove the bitterness of teas such as yerba mate. Furthermore, the plant is used in Brazil to treat Leishmania braziliensis skin infections (Franca et al., 1996).
Biosecurity trials in Australia show that the seeds can remain viable in the soil for at least 12 years.
Order: Myrtales
Family: Melastomataceae
Genus: Clidemia
Species: C. hirta
Binomial name Clidemia hirta
Clidemia hirta (毛野牡丹藤)
为野牡丹科毛野牡丹属下的一个种。国际自然保护联盟物种存续委员会的入侵物种专家小组(ISSG)列为世界百大外来入侵种。
它是大多数热带地区的一种入侵植物物种,对其他植物造成严重损害。
毛野牡丹藤,叶子上有柔软的羽毛。绿叶表面有光泽,叶子是椭圆形的。叶子宽,尖端锥形。花在小枝的末端呈串状出现。这些花通常是白色或粉红色或粉红色。果实圆润蓬松。年轻时颜色是绿色的,成熟时会变成有光泽的黑色。在这个水果发现的单宁对山羊和绵羊有毒。
生长于荒野、山坡、路旁。
毛野牡丹藤的叶子加上水会有泡沫
可以用作洗涤肥皂。叶被压碎可以止血。
在传统的马来和天然药物中,由于其长期以来作为治疗细菌感染的传统药物的医疗功能而被选中。野牡丹科植物丹宁酸收入 (tanniferous) 和贡献者sifatrasa酸味或苦味(涩), 因此常用止泻,出血,感染和伤口愈合和产后恢复新鲜。
这种植物的根炖已经被用于治疗由于中毒引起的发烧.
巴西原产,用这种植物治疗皮肤利什曼病。
在传统的民间医学实践和马达加斯加Tanala村,而用于普通感冒和混合叶和根牧场用于胃病。
Centella asiatica
(崩大碗)
(崩大碗)
Centella asiatica (崩大碗) 又名积雪草、落得打、雷公根、蚶壳草, commonly known as Indian pennywort, Asiatic pennywort or gotu kola or Thankuni is a herbaceous, frost-tender perennial plant in the flowering plant family Apiaceae.
In thai it is call Bai bua bok, pa-na-e khaa-doh, phak waen, phak nok.
Centella asiatica is native to the wetlands in Asia. It is used as a culinary vegetable and as a medicinal herb.
Centella grows in temperate and tropical swampy areas in many regions of the world . The stems are slender, creeping stolons, green to reddish-green in color, connecting plants to each other. It has long-stalked, green, rounded apices which have smooth texture with palmately netted veins. The leaves are borne on pericladial petioles, around 2 cm (0.79 in). The rootstock consists of rhizomes, growing vertically down. They are creamish in color and covered with root hairs.
The flowers are white or crimson in color, born in small, rounded bunches (umbels) near the surface of the soil. Each flower is partly enclosed in two green bracts. The hermaphrodite flowers are minute in size, less than 3 mm (0.12 in), with five to six corolla lobes per flower. Each flower bears five stamens and two styles. The fruit are densely reticulate, distinguishing it from species of Hydrocotyle which have smooth, ribbed or warty fruit. The crop matures in three months, and the whole plant, including the roots, is harvested manually. It is a highly invasive plant, rated as "high risk".
Centella asiatica is indigenous to the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and wetland regions of the Southeastern US. Because the plant is aquatic, it is especially sensitive to biological and chemical pollutants in the water, which may be absorbed into the plant. It can be cultivated in drier soils as long as they are watered regularly enough (such as in a home garden arrangement).
C. asiatica leaves are used for sambai oi peuga-ga, an Aceh type of salad, and is also mixed into asinan in Bogor. In Vietnam and Thailand, this leaf is used for preparing a drink or can be eaten in raw form in salads or cold rolls..
In traditional medicine, C. asiatica has been used to treat various disorders and minor wounds.
Apart from wound healing, the herb is recommended for the treatment of various skin conditions such as leprosy, lupus, varicose ulcers, eczema, psoriasis, diarrhoea, fever, amenorrhea, diseases of the female genitourinary tract and also for relieving anxiety and improving cognition.
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Centella
Species: C. asiatica
Binomial name Centella asiatica
(L.) Urban
崩大碗(学名:Centella asiatica),是伞形科积雪草属的一种多年生植物,生于田边、沟边低湿处。
又名积雪草、落得打、雷公根、蚶壳草,阿萨姆人叫作Manimuni,而僧伽罗语中称作Gotu Kola或Gota Kola
(意即圆锥形的叶)。
茎为匍匐茎,长 10~70 公分,如铁线状,呈紫红色,全株具有微毛,节间长,在节上长根生叶及花序,并有 2 枚鳞片状退化叶,叶常呈丛生此鳞片腋下,从节发根。
叶单叶互生,圆肾形,基部深心形,具叶柄,长 4~10 公分,被细毛;片径 2.5~5 公分,叶尖圆钝形,叶缘为钝锯齿缘或浅裂,上下表面无毛或疏被毛。具掌状叶脉,如缺口的饭碗,故名崩大碗。
花序密集排列成头状伞形花序,花细小,腋生,具 3~6 朵花,淡红色;花序轴长 0.2~0.8 公分,小花梗短或阙如;花序又有 2 枚卵形膜质苞片包围,花萼截头形;花瓣 5 枚,呈红紫色,卵形;雄蕊 5 枚,短小,与花瓣互生;子房下位,花柱 2 枚,花柱不明显。花期 3~9 月。
果实为离果,长 0.2~0.3 公分,红褐色,扁圆形,常 3 个并排合生,侧向压扁呈双髻形,背方各有7-9肋。
原产于斯里兰卡、印度等地,现广泛分布于亚洲热带、亚热带地区,亦是中国中部、南部、香港以至日本、韩国及台湾的常见植物。
中医学上以全草入药,味甘,性寒,有清热生津、凉血解毒、活血消肿、清利湿热等作用,主治跌打损伤、外伤出血、治疗疮毒等。民间多用于各种热病引起的高热、烦渴、咽喉肿痛以及多种食物、药物中毒,对于胃热引起的牙肉肿痛有很好的清热消肿功效。
因为崩大碗性偏寒凉,对于身体虚弱人士和小童来说,则不宜喝太多,否则会容易感到晕眩。
有助于除去过多的液体[来源请求]、减少疲劳及忧郁、增加性冲动、缩小组织和刺激中枢神经系统。可中和血酸和降低体温,促进伤口的愈合,对于静脉曲张和心脏、肝脏功能有益。对于心血管疾病、疲劳、结缔组织疾病、肾结石、食欲不佳和睡眠疾病均有帮助。
崩大碗的功效与作用:
1.清热解毒,杀菌消炎:
崩大碗的粘液质含有多种营养物质,有较好的清热解毒作用,能抑制细菌的生长,食之清胃火,泻肠热,捣烂外敷可治痈疽疔疮;
2.防治贫血、肝炎:
崩大碗中含有丰富的B族维生素,它是细胞生长分裂及维持神经细胞髓鞘完整所必需的成分,临床上可用于防治恶性贫血、巨幼细胞性贫血、肝炎及肝硬化等病症;
3.益智健体:
崩大碗中含有丰富的锌,为植物中的“锌王”,是小儿最佳的益智健体食品之一,可防治小儿多动症。
崩大碗的营养价值:
崩大碗富含多种营养成分,据测定,每100克崩大碗含能量20千卡,碳水化合物3.8克,蛋白质1.4克,脂肪0.1克,膳食纤维0.3克,灰分0.2克,钙42毫克,磷17毫克,钾2毫克,钠79毫克,镁3毫克,铁2.4毫克,锌0.67毫克,硒0.67微克,铜0.04毫克,锰0.26毫克,维生素B0.01毫克,维生素E0.9毫克等等。由此可见,虽然崩大碗只是一种野菜,但它的营养价值还是很高的。
In thai it is call Bai bua bok, pa-na-e khaa-doh, phak waen, phak nok.
Centella asiatica is native to the wetlands in Asia. It is used as a culinary vegetable and as a medicinal herb.
Centella grows in temperate and tropical swampy areas in many regions of the world . The stems are slender, creeping stolons, green to reddish-green in color, connecting plants to each other. It has long-stalked, green, rounded apices which have smooth texture with palmately netted veins. The leaves are borne on pericladial petioles, around 2 cm (0.79 in). The rootstock consists of rhizomes, growing vertically down. They are creamish in color and covered with root hairs.
The flowers are white or crimson in color, born in small, rounded bunches (umbels) near the surface of the soil. Each flower is partly enclosed in two green bracts. The hermaphrodite flowers are minute in size, less than 3 mm (0.12 in), with five to six corolla lobes per flower. Each flower bears five stamens and two styles. The fruit are densely reticulate, distinguishing it from species of Hydrocotyle which have smooth, ribbed or warty fruit. The crop matures in three months, and the whole plant, including the roots, is harvested manually. It is a highly invasive plant, rated as "high risk".
Centella asiatica is indigenous to the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and wetland regions of the Southeastern US. Because the plant is aquatic, it is especially sensitive to biological and chemical pollutants in the water, which may be absorbed into the plant. It can be cultivated in drier soils as long as they are watered regularly enough (such as in a home garden arrangement).
C. asiatica leaves are used for sambai oi peuga-ga, an Aceh type of salad, and is also mixed into asinan in Bogor. In Vietnam and Thailand, this leaf is used for preparing a drink or can be eaten in raw form in salads or cold rolls..
In traditional medicine, C. asiatica has been used to treat various disorders and minor wounds.
Apart from wound healing, the herb is recommended for the treatment of various skin conditions such as leprosy, lupus, varicose ulcers, eczema, psoriasis, diarrhoea, fever, amenorrhea, diseases of the female genitourinary tract and also for relieving anxiety and improving cognition.
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Centella
Species: C. asiatica
Binomial name Centella asiatica
(L.) Urban
崩大碗(学名:Centella asiatica),是伞形科积雪草属的一种多年生植物,生于田边、沟边低湿处。
又名积雪草、落得打、雷公根、蚶壳草,阿萨姆人叫作Manimuni,而僧伽罗语中称作Gotu Kola或Gota Kola
(意即圆锥形的叶)。
茎为匍匐茎,长 10~70 公分,如铁线状,呈紫红色,全株具有微毛,节间长,在节上长根生叶及花序,并有 2 枚鳞片状退化叶,叶常呈丛生此鳞片腋下,从节发根。
叶单叶互生,圆肾形,基部深心形,具叶柄,长 4~10 公分,被细毛;片径 2.5~5 公分,叶尖圆钝形,叶缘为钝锯齿缘或浅裂,上下表面无毛或疏被毛。具掌状叶脉,如缺口的饭碗,故名崩大碗。
花序密集排列成头状伞形花序,花细小,腋生,具 3~6 朵花,淡红色;花序轴长 0.2~0.8 公分,小花梗短或阙如;花序又有 2 枚卵形膜质苞片包围,花萼截头形;花瓣 5 枚,呈红紫色,卵形;雄蕊 5 枚,短小,与花瓣互生;子房下位,花柱 2 枚,花柱不明显。花期 3~9 月。
果实为离果,长 0.2~0.3 公分,红褐色,扁圆形,常 3 个并排合生,侧向压扁呈双髻形,背方各有7-9肋。
原产于斯里兰卡、印度等地,现广泛分布于亚洲热带、亚热带地区,亦是中国中部、南部、香港以至日本、韩国及台湾的常见植物。
中医学上以全草入药,味甘,性寒,有清热生津、凉血解毒、活血消肿、清利湿热等作用,主治跌打损伤、外伤出血、治疗疮毒等。民间多用于各种热病引起的高热、烦渴、咽喉肿痛以及多种食物、药物中毒,对于胃热引起的牙肉肿痛有很好的清热消肿功效。
因为崩大碗性偏寒凉,对于身体虚弱人士和小童来说,则不宜喝太多,否则会容易感到晕眩。
有助于除去过多的液体[来源请求]、减少疲劳及忧郁、增加性冲动、缩小组织和刺激中枢神经系统。可中和血酸和降低体温,促进伤口的愈合,对于静脉曲张和心脏、肝脏功能有益。对于心血管疾病、疲劳、结缔组织疾病、肾结石、食欲不佳和睡眠疾病均有帮助。
崩大碗的功效与作用:
1.清热解毒,杀菌消炎:
崩大碗的粘液质含有多种营养物质,有较好的清热解毒作用,能抑制细菌的生长,食之清胃火,泻肠热,捣烂外敷可治痈疽疔疮;
2.防治贫血、肝炎:
崩大碗中含有丰富的B族维生素,它是细胞生长分裂及维持神经细胞髓鞘完整所必需的成分,临床上可用于防治恶性贫血、巨幼细胞性贫血、肝炎及肝硬化等病症;
3.益智健体:
崩大碗中含有丰富的锌,为植物中的“锌王”,是小儿最佳的益智健体食品之一,可防治小儿多动症。
崩大碗的营养价值:
崩大碗富含多种营养成分,据测定,每100克崩大碗含能量20千卡,碳水化合物3.8克,蛋白质1.4克,脂肪0.1克,膳食纤维0.3克,灰分0.2克,钙42毫克,磷17毫克,钾2毫克,钠79毫克,镁3毫克,铁2.4毫克,锌0.67毫克,硒0.67微克,铜0.04毫克,锰0.26毫克,维生素B0.01毫克,维生素E0.9毫克等等。由此可见,虽然崩大碗只是一种野菜,但它的营养价值还是很高的。
Cheilocostus speciosus
Crêpe ginger 闭鞘姜
Crêpe ginger 闭鞘姜
Cheilocostus speciosus, or crêpe ginger, is a speciesof flowering plants in the genus Cheilocostus. It is native to southeast Asia and surrounding regions, from India to China to Queensland, It is especially common on the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is also reportedly naturalized in Mauritius, Réunion, Fiji, Hawaii, Costa Rica, Belize, Melanesia, Micronesia, and the West Indies. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental.
Cheilocostus speciosus differs from the common ginger by having only one row of spirally arranged leaves. The species reproduces vegetatively by rhizome, and birds disperse the seeds when they feed on the fruits.
This plant is cultivated in South Asia and Southeast Asia for its medicinal uses, and is cultivated elsewhere as an ornamental. In some areas Cheilocostus speciosus is introduced and has become an invasive species.
The plant has many historical uses in Ayurveda, where the rhizome has been used to treat fever, rash, asthma, bronchitis, and intestinal worms. It is mentioned in the Kama Sutra as an ingredient in a cosmetic to be used on the eyelashes to increase sexual attractiveness. It is used to treat kidney problems and other urinary problems in Mizo Traditional Medicine. It was used as a traditional medicine by Malays when evil spirits have possessed a body, as well as for the treatment of high fever, smallpox and as a purgative.
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Costaceae
Genus: Cheilocostus
Species: C. speciosus
Binomial name Cheilocostus speciosus
(J.Konig) C.Specht
闭鞘姜(学名:Costus speciosus (Koen.) Smith),为姜科闭鞘姜属多年生草本植物,别名白头到老、老妈妈拐棍、广商陆、水蕉花等,为姜科闭鞘姜属多年生草本植物,产我国台湾、广东、广西、云南等省区,热带亚洲广布。主要作鲜切花、干花和庭院绿化之用途,鲜切花年亩产高达15000—20000枝,瓶插期长达15—20天。因其红色革质状的穗状花序形状独特,极易制成干花,是良好的干花材料。将其丛植于庭院小区、公园、花坛等,生长郁郁葱葱,花后婷婷玉立,极为雅致。原产地为热带亚洲。主要作鲜切花、干花和庭院绿化、入药等用途。
生长习性
闭鞘姜性喜温暖、湿润环境下生长,生于疏林下、山谷阴湿地、路边草丛、山坡、水沟边等处,呈野生状态的闭鞘姜能长势良好。
闭鞘姜的药用功效
闭鞘姜的根茎都能入药。性辛、酸,微寒,具微毒。有消炎利尿,散瘀消肿,解毒止痒等功效。对于百日咳,尿路感染,小便不利,肾炎水肿等症状具有一定的效果,外用还可以治疗疮疖肿毒,荨麻疹,中耳炎等病症。
Cheilocostus speciosus differs from the common ginger by having only one row of spirally arranged leaves. The species reproduces vegetatively by rhizome, and birds disperse the seeds when they feed on the fruits.
This plant is cultivated in South Asia and Southeast Asia for its medicinal uses, and is cultivated elsewhere as an ornamental. In some areas Cheilocostus speciosus is introduced and has become an invasive species.
The plant has many historical uses in Ayurveda, where the rhizome has been used to treat fever, rash, asthma, bronchitis, and intestinal worms. It is mentioned in the Kama Sutra as an ingredient in a cosmetic to be used on the eyelashes to increase sexual attractiveness. It is used to treat kidney problems and other urinary problems in Mizo Traditional Medicine. It was used as a traditional medicine by Malays when evil spirits have possessed a body, as well as for the treatment of high fever, smallpox and as a purgative.
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Costaceae
Genus: Cheilocostus
Species: C. speciosus
Binomial name Cheilocostus speciosus
(J.Konig) C.Specht
闭鞘姜(学名:Costus speciosus (Koen.) Smith),为姜科闭鞘姜属多年生草本植物,别名白头到老、老妈妈拐棍、广商陆、水蕉花等,为姜科闭鞘姜属多年生草本植物,产我国台湾、广东、广西、云南等省区,热带亚洲广布。主要作鲜切花、干花和庭院绿化之用途,鲜切花年亩产高达15000—20000枝,瓶插期长达15—20天。因其红色革质状的穗状花序形状独特,极易制成干花,是良好的干花材料。将其丛植于庭院小区、公园、花坛等,生长郁郁葱葱,花后婷婷玉立,极为雅致。原产地为热带亚洲。主要作鲜切花、干花和庭院绿化、入药等用途。
生长习性
闭鞘姜性喜温暖、湿润环境下生长,生于疏林下、山谷阴湿地、路边草丛、山坡、水沟边等处,呈野生状态的闭鞘姜能长势良好。
闭鞘姜的药用功效
闭鞘姜的根茎都能入药。性辛、酸,微寒,具微毒。有消炎利尿,散瘀消肿,解毒止痒等功效。对于百日咳,尿路感染,小便不利,肾炎水肿等症状具有一定的效果,外用还可以治疗疮疖肿毒,荨麻疹,中耳炎等病症。
Ficus auriculata
(Roxburgh fig) 大果榕
(Roxburgh fig) 大果榕
Ficus auriculata (Roxburgh fig) is a type of fig tree seen all over Asia noted for its big and round leaves. This is used as fodder in Nepal. It is least resistant to fire, but likes good sunlight.
This plant is a small tree of 5–10 m (16–33 ft) high with numerous bristle-covered branches. The leaves are big and round, and are up to 44 cm (17 in) long and 45 cm (18 in) wide, with cordate or rounded base, acute apex, and 5–7 main veins from the leaf base. Its petioles are up to 15 cm (6 in) long, and it has stipules of about 2.5 cm (1 in) long. The plant has oblate syconium that are up to 4 cm (1.6 in) wide, covered with yellow pubescence, and emerge from the trunk or old branches of the tree.
The fruits are formed in large clusters on the trunk, on thin branches arising from the trunk or even on the roots of the plant. The base, therefore, is often covered with hundreds of fruits. Colour of this Ripe fruits are in red.
This fruit has a sweet flavour and can be consumed raw or cooked. The large figs are edible and are used in the preparation of jam, juice and curries. Unripe fruits are used in salads. The fruit is 3 - 5cm in diameter. The fruit is depressed-globose to pear-shaped, up to 8cm in diameter
The fresh fruit of this plant are consumed as food, and have diuretic, laxative and digestive regulating properties.
In medicinal the latex from the stems is applied to cuts and wounds.
Ceratosolen emarginatus is the insect that helps to pollinate this plant.
Order: Rosales
Family: Moraceae
Genus: Ficus
Species: F. auriculata
Binomial name Ficus auriculata
大果榕(学名:Ficus auriculata Lour.)是桑科、榕属乔木或小乔木,高4-10米,胸径10-15厘米,榕冠广展。树皮灰褐色。叶互生,厚纸质,广卵状心形,长15-55厘米,基部心形。榕果簇生于树干基部或老茎短枝上,大而梨形或扁球形至陀螺形,红褐色。雄蕊2,花药卵形,雌花,生于另一植株榕果内。
大果榕分布于印度、越南、巴基斯坦。中国分布于海南、广西、云南、贵州(罗甸)、四川(西南部)、新加坡等。耐旱耐寒,对土壤和气候条件要求不严,在轻壤、粘壤、沙壤,甚至盐碱地上都能生长 。
大果榕嫩枝叶可作蔬菜,果实可作水果;还可作家畜饲料;是优良的庭院绿化观赏植物;果实晒干后可药用,性味甘,微温,有催乳,补气,生血之功效。
乔木或小乔木,高4-10米,胸径10-15厘米,榕冠广展。树皮灰褐色,粗糙,幼枝被柔毛,直径10-15毫米,红褐色,中空。叶互生,厚纸质,广卵状心形,长15-55厘米,宽15-27厘米,先端钝,具短尖,基部心形,稀圆形,边缘具整齐细锯齿,表面无毛,仅于中脉及侧脉有微柔毛,背面多被开展短柔毛,基生侧脉5-7条,侧脉每边3-4条,表面微下凹或平坦,背面突起;叶柄长5-8厘米,粗壮;托叶三角状卵形,长1.52厘米,紫红色,外面被短柔毛。
榕果簇生于树干基部或老茎短枝上,大而梨形或扁球形至陀螺形,直径3-5(-6)厘米,具明显的纵棱8-12条,幼时被白色短柔毛,成熟脱落,红褐色,顶生苞片宽三角状卵形,4-5轮覆瓦状排列而成莲座状,基生苞片3枚,卵状三角形;总梗长4-6厘米,粗壮,被柔毛;雄花,无柄,花被片3,匙形,薄膜质,透明,雄蕊2,花药卵形,花丝长;瘿花花被片下部合生,上部3裂,微覆盖子房,花柱侧生,被毛,柱头膨大;雌花,生于另一植株榕果内,有或无柄,花被片3裂,子房卵圆形,花柱侧生,被毛,较瘿花花柱长。瘦果有粘液。花期8月至翌年3月,果期5-8月。
大果榕嫩枝叶柔嫩,可作蔬菜,炒、煮或凉拌,食味鲜美;还可作家畜饲料,适口性好。未成熟的深绿色的花序托,可喂猪;大果榕成熟果实的深红色果肉,可作水果食用,味清香蜜甜。大果榕树幅大,分枝多,枝条光滑而健壮,因此放养的紫胶,胶片质量好,产量高,易收获。同时,大果榕还是优良的庭院绿化观赏植物。
药用
大果榕成熟的果实晒干后也可药用。性味甘,微温。有催乳,补气,生血之功效。主治产妇气虚无乳,肺虚气喘。
This plant is a small tree of 5–10 m (16–33 ft) high with numerous bristle-covered branches. The leaves are big and round, and are up to 44 cm (17 in) long and 45 cm (18 in) wide, with cordate or rounded base, acute apex, and 5–7 main veins from the leaf base. Its petioles are up to 15 cm (6 in) long, and it has stipules of about 2.5 cm (1 in) long. The plant has oblate syconium that are up to 4 cm (1.6 in) wide, covered with yellow pubescence, and emerge from the trunk or old branches of the tree.
The fruits are formed in large clusters on the trunk, on thin branches arising from the trunk or even on the roots of the plant. The base, therefore, is often covered with hundreds of fruits. Colour of this Ripe fruits are in red.
This fruit has a sweet flavour and can be consumed raw or cooked. The large figs are edible and are used in the preparation of jam, juice and curries. Unripe fruits are used in salads. The fruit is 3 - 5cm in diameter. The fruit is depressed-globose to pear-shaped, up to 8cm in diameter
The fresh fruit of this plant are consumed as food, and have diuretic, laxative and digestive regulating properties.
In medicinal the latex from the stems is applied to cuts and wounds.
Ceratosolen emarginatus is the insect that helps to pollinate this plant.
Order: Rosales
Family: Moraceae
Genus: Ficus
Species: F. auriculata
Binomial name Ficus auriculata
大果榕(学名:Ficus auriculata Lour.)是桑科、榕属乔木或小乔木,高4-10米,胸径10-15厘米,榕冠广展。树皮灰褐色。叶互生,厚纸质,广卵状心形,长15-55厘米,基部心形。榕果簇生于树干基部或老茎短枝上,大而梨形或扁球形至陀螺形,红褐色。雄蕊2,花药卵形,雌花,生于另一植株榕果内。
大果榕分布于印度、越南、巴基斯坦。中国分布于海南、广西、云南、贵州(罗甸)、四川(西南部)、新加坡等。耐旱耐寒,对土壤和气候条件要求不严,在轻壤、粘壤、沙壤,甚至盐碱地上都能生长 。
大果榕嫩枝叶可作蔬菜,果实可作水果;还可作家畜饲料;是优良的庭院绿化观赏植物;果实晒干后可药用,性味甘,微温,有催乳,补气,生血之功效。
乔木或小乔木,高4-10米,胸径10-15厘米,榕冠广展。树皮灰褐色,粗糙,幼枝被柔毛,直径10-15毫米,红褐色,中空。叶互生,厚纸质,广卵状心形,长15-55厘米,宽15-27厘米,先端钝,具短尖,基部心形,稀圆形,边缘具整齐细锯齿,表面无毛,仅于中脉及侧脉有微柔毛,背面多被开展短柔毛,基生侧脉5-7条,侧脉每边3-4条,表面微下凹或平坦,背面突起;叶柄长5-8厘米,粗壮;托叶三角状卵形,长1.52厘米,紫红色,外面被短柔毛。
榕果簇生于树干基部或老茎短枝上,大而梨形或扁球形至陀螺形,直径3-5(-6)厘米,具明显的纵棱8-12条,幼时被白色短柔毛,成熟脱落,红褐色,顶生苞片宽三角状卵形,4-5轮覆瓦状排列而成莲座状,基生苞片3枚,卵状三角形;总梗长4-6厘米,粗壮,被柔毛;雄花,无柄,花被片3,匙形,薄膜质,透明,雄蕊2,花药卵形,花丝长;瘿花花被片下部合生,上部3裂,微覆盖子房,花柱侧生,被毛,柱头膨大;雌花,生于另一植株榕果内,有或无柄,花被片3裂,子房卵圆形,花柱侧生,被毛,较瘿花花柱长。瘦果有粘液。花期8月至翌年3月,果期5-8月。
大果榕嫩枝叶柔嫩,可作蔬菜,炒、煮或凉拌,食味鲜美;还可作家畜饲料,适口性好。未成熟的深绿色的花序托,可喂猪;大果榕成熟果实的深红色果肉,可作水果食用,味清香蜜甜。大果榕树幅大,分枝多,枝条光滑而健壮,因此放养的紫胶,胶片质量好,产量高,易收获。同时,大果榕还是优良的庭院绿化观赏植物。
药用
大果榕成熟的果实晒干后也可药用。性味甘,微温。有催乳,补气,生血之功效。主治产妇气虚无乳,肺虚气喘。
Aegle marmelos L. 木苹果
Bael (or bili or bhel)
Bael (or bili or bhel)
Aegle marmelos L., commonly known as bael (or bili or bhel), also Bengal quince, golden apple, Japanese bitter orange,stone apple or wood apple, is a species of tree native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It is present in India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Malesia as a naturalized species. The tree is considered to be sacred by Hindus.
Bael is the only member of the monotypic genus Aegle. It is a deciduous shrub or small to medium-sized tree, up to 13 m tall with slender drooping branches and rather shabby crown.
The bark is pale brown or grayish, smooth or finely fissured and flaking, armed with long straight spines, 1.2–2.5 cm singly or in pairs, often with slimy sap oozing out from cut parts. The gum is also described as a clear, gummy sap, resembling gum arabic, which exudes from wounded branches and hangs down in long strands, becoming gradually solid. It is sweet at first taste and then irritating to the throat.
The leaf is trifoliate, alternate, each leaflet 5-14 x 2–6 cm, ovate with tapering or pointed tip and rounded base, untoothed or with shallow rounded teeth. Young leaves are pale green or pinkish, finely hairy while mature leaves are dark green and completely smooth. Each leaf has 4–12 pairs of side veins which are joined at the margin.
The flowers are 1.5 to 2 cm, pale green or yellowish, sweetly scented, bisexual, in short drooping unbranched clusters at the end of twigs and leaf axils. They usually appear with young leaves. The calyx is flat with 4 (5) small teeth. The four or five petals of 6–8 mm overlap in the bud. Many stamens have short filaments and pale brown, short style anthers. The ovary is bright green with an inconspicuous disc.
The bael fruit typically has a diameter of between 5 and 12 cm. It is globose or slightly pear-shaped with a thick, hard rind and does not split upon ripening. The woody shell is smooth and green, gray until it is fully ripe when it turns yellow. Inside are 8 to 15 or 20 sections filled with aromatic orange pulp, each section with 6 (8) to 10 (15) flattened-oblong seeds each about 1 cm long, bearing woolly hairs and each enclosed in a sac of adhesive, transparent mucilage that solidifies on drying. The exact number of seeds varies in different publications.
It takes about 11 months to ripen on the tree and can reach the size of a large grapefruit or pomelo, and some are even larger. The shell is so hard it must be cracked with a hammer or machete. The fibrous yellow pulp is very aromatic. It has been described as tasting of marmalade and smelling of roses. Boning (2006) indicates that the flavor is "sweet, aromatic and pleasant, although tangy and slightly astringent in some varieties. It resembles a marmalade made, in part, with citrus and, in part, with tamarind." Numerous hairy seeds are encapsulated in a slimy mucilage.
The leaves, bark, roots, fruits and seeds are used extensively in the Indian traditional system of medicine the Ayurveda and in various folk medicine to treat myriad ailments.
Bael fruits are of dietary use and the fruit pulp is used to prepare delicacies like murabba, puddings and juice. Bael fruits are also used in the treatment of chronic diarrhea, dysentery, and peptic ulcers, as a laxative and to recuperate from respiratory affections in various folk medicines.
Scientific studies have validated many of the ethnomedicinal uses and reports indicate that the fruit possesses broad range of therapeutic effects that includes free radical scavenging, antioxidant, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-diarrheal, gastroprotective, anti-ulcerative colitis, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective and radioprotective effects. For the first time, this review critically assesses the nutritional values, phytochemistry and preclinical pharmacological properties of the bael fruit. Attempts are also made at emphasizing the dietary and pharmaceutical potential of bael fruit that has been largely underutilized and neglected.
Aegle marmelos is native across the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, and is cultivated throughout Sri Lanka, Tamilnadu, Thailand, and Malesia.
It occurs in dry, open forests on hills and plains at altitudes from 0–1,200 m (0–3,937 ft) with mean annual rainfall of 570–2,000 mm (22–79 in). It has a reputation in India for being able to grow in places that other trees cannot. It copes with a wide range of soil conditions (pH range 5-10), is tolerant of waterlogging and has an unusually wide temperature tolerance from −7–48 °C (19–118 °F). It requires a pronounced dry season to give fruit. The tree is a larval food plant for the following two Indian Swallowtail butterflies, the Lime butterfly Papilio demoleus, and the Common Mormon: Papilio polytes.
The fruits can be eaten either fresh from trees or after being dried and produced into candy, toffee, pulp powder or nectar. If fresh, the juice is strained and sweetened to make a drink similar to lemonade. It can be made into sharbat or Bela pana, a beverage. Bela Pana made in Odisha has fresh cheese, milk, water, fruit pulp, sugar, crushed black pepper, and ice. Bæl pana, a drink made of the pulp with water, sugar, and citron juice, is mixed, left to stand a few hours, strained, and put on ice. One large bael fruit may yield five or six liters of sharbat. If the fruit is to be dried, it is usually sliced and sun-dried. The hard leathery slices are then immersed in water. The leaves and small shoots are eaten as salad greens. Bael fruits are of dietary use and the fruit pulp is used to prepare delicacies like murabba, puddings and juices. Bael is used in the ritual rites of Hindus.
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Rutaceae
Genus: Aegle Corrêa
Species: A. marmelos
Binomial name Aegle marmelos
(L.) Corrêa
木苹果,学名:象橘,亦称三叶木桔(支南),麻比罕(傣语),暹罗无花果,本地无花果。为双子叶植物药芸香科植物木苹果的果实。生于乡村路旁,一般人工栽种。药用幼,成熟果,根本和叶。鲜用或晒乾备用。分布浙江,广西有栽培。
乔木,小茎多刺,高至20m。羽状叶,小叶无柄,倒卵形或卵形,全缘;叶轴通常有略明显的翼叶。花甚多,细小;花萼在花后常脱落;花瓣卵形,扩展,红色。果实圆球形,大小如橙子,果皮木质,粗糙,果肉味酸甜;种子长圆形而略扁。
木材淡黄色,结构密致,坚韧。果用作饮料的调料。可作嫁接柑橘属植物的砧木。叶、根及茎皮含香豆素。可作嫁接柑橘属植物的砧木。叶、根及茎皮含香豆素。
主要价值
根、树皮、叶、花均可用作清热剂。果肉有香气,用作清肠胃药,作缓泻剂用。在缅甸用嫩叶捣烂治创伤,疮疥及肿痛,脚及口腔疾病,叶捣烂后留汁液治疗眼病,食嫩叶可避孕或引致流产。
性味:酸、涩,凉。
功能与主治:止泻,止吐。用于热痢,大小脉热泻,慢性腹泻,呕吐。
Bael is the only member of the monotypic genus Aegle. It is a deciduous shrub or small to medium-sized tree, up to 13 m tall with slender drooping branches and rather shabby crown.
The bark is pale brown or grayish, smooth or finely fissured and flaking, armed with long straight spines, 1.2–2.5 cm singly or in pairs, often with slimy sap oozing out from cut parts. The gum is also described as a clear, gummy sap, resembling gum arabic, which exudes from wounded branches and hangs down in long strands, becoming gradually solid. It is sweet at first taste and then irritating to the throat.
The leaf is trifoliate, alternate, each leaflet 5-14 x 2–6 cm, ovate with tapering or pointed tip and rounded base, untoothed or with shallow rounded teeth. Young leaves are pale green or pinkish, finely hairy while mature leaves are dark green and completely smooth. Each leaf has 4–12 pairs of side veins which are joined at the margin.
The flowers are 1.5 to 2 cm, pale green or yellowish, sweetly scented, bisexual, in short drooping unbranched clusters at the end of twigs and leaf axils. They usually appear with young leaves. The calyx is flat with 4 (5) small teeth. The four or five petals of 6–8 mm overlap in the bud. Many stamens have short filaments and pale brown, short style anthers. The ovary is bright green with an inconspicuous disc.
The bael fruit typically has a diameter of between 5 and 12 cm. It is globose or slightly pear-shaped with a thick, hard rind and does not split upon ripening. The woody shell is smooth and green, gray until it is fully ripe when it turns yellow. Inside are 8 to 15 or 20 sections filled with aromatic orange pulp, each section with 6 (8) to 10 (15) flattened-oblong seeds each about 1 cm long, bearing woolly hairs and each enclosed in a sac of adhesive, transparent mucilage that solidifies on drying. The exact number of seeds varies in different publications.
It takes about 11 months to ripen on the tree and can reach the size of a large grapefruit or pomelo, and some are even larger. The shell is so hard it must be cracked with a hammer or machete. The fibrous yellow pulp is very aromatic. It has been described as tasting of marmalade and smelling of roses. Boning (2006) indicates that the flavor is "sweet, aromatic and pleasant, although tangy and slightly astringent in some varieties. It resembles a marmalade made, in part, with citrus and, in part, with tamarind." Numerous hairy seeds are encapsulated in a slimy mucilage.
The leaves, bark, roots, fruits and seeds are used extensively in the Indian traditional system of medicine the Ayurveda and in various folk medicine to treat myriad ailments.
Bael fruits are of dietary use and the fruit pulp is used to prepare delicacies like murabba, puddings and juice. Bael fruits are also used in the treatment of chronic diarrhea, dysentery, and peptic ulcers, as a laxative and to recuperate from respiratory affections in various folk medicines.
Scientific studies have validated many of the ethnomedicinal uses and reports indicate that the fruit possesses broad range of therapeutic effects that includes free radical scavenging, antioxidant, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-diarrheal, gastroprotective, anti-ulcerative colitis, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective and radioprotective effects. For the first time, this review critically assesses the nutritional values, phytochemistry and preclinical pharmacological properties of the bael fruit. Attempts are also made at emphasizing the dietary and pharmaceutical potential of bael fruit that has been largely underutilized and neglected.
Aegle marmelos is native across the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, and is cultivated throughout Sri Lanka, Tamilnadu, Thailand, and Malesia.
It occurs in dry, open forests on hills and plains at altitudes from 0–1,200 m (0–3,937 ft) with mean annual rainfall of 570–2,000 mm (22–79 in). It has a reputation in India for being able to grow in places that other trees cannot. It copes with a wide range of soil conditions (pH range 5-10), is tolerant of waterlogging and has an unusually wide temperature tolerance from −7–48 °C (19–118 °F). It requires a pronounced dry season to give fruit. The tree is a larval food plant for the following two Indian Swallowtail butterflies, the Lime butterfly Papilio demoleus, and the Common Mormon: Papilio polytes.
The fruits can be eaten either fresh from trees or after being dried and produced into candy, toffee, pulp powder or nectar. If fresh, the juice is strained and sweetened to make a drink similar to lemonade. It can be made into sharbat or Bela pana, a beverage. Bela Pana made in Odisha has fresh cheese, milk, water, fruit pulp, sugar, crushed black pepper, and ice. Bæl pana, a drink made of the pulp with water, sugar, and citron juice, is mixed, left to stand a few hours, strained, and put on ice. One large bael fruit may yield five or six liters of sharbat. If the fruit is to be dried, it is usually sliced and sun-dried. The hard leathery slices are then immersed in water. The leaves and small shoots are eaten as salad greens. Bael fruits are of dietary use and the fruit pulp is used to prepare delicacies like murabba, puddings and juices. Bael is used in the ritual rites of Hindus.
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Rutaceae
Genus: Aegle Corrêa
Species: A. marmelos
Binomial name Aegle marmelos
(L.) Corrêa
木苹果,学名:象橘,亦称三叶木桔(支南),麻比罕(傣语),暹罗无花果,本地无花果。为双子叶植物药芸香科植物木苹果的果实。生于乡村路旁,一般人工栽种。药用幼,成熟果,根本和叶。鲜用或晒乾备用。分布浙江,广西有栽培。
乔木,小茎多刺,高至20m。羽状叶,小叶无柄,倒卵形或卵形,全缘;叶轴通常有略明显的翼叶。花甚多,细小;花萼在花后常脱落;花瓣卵形,扩展,红色。果实圆球形,大小如橙子,果皮木质,粗糙,果肉味酸甜;种子长圆形而略扁。
木材淡黄色,结构密致,坚韧。果用作饮料的调料。可作嫁接柑橘属植物的砧木。叶、根及茎皮含香豆素。可作嫁接柑橘属植物的砧木。叶、根及茎皮含香豆素。
主要价值
根、树皮、叶、花均可用作清热剂。果肉有香气,用作清肠胃药,作缓泻剂用。在缅甸用嫩叶捣烂治创伤,疮疥及肿痛,脚及口腔疾病,叶捣烂后留汁液治疗眼病,食嫩叶可避孕或引致流产。
性味:酸、涩,凉。
功能与主治:止泻,止吐。用于热痢,大小脉热泻,慢性腹泻,呕吐。
Asystasia gangetica
宽叶十万错
宽叶十万错
Asystasia gangetica is a species of plant in the family Acanthaceae. It is commonly known as the Chinese violet, coromandel or creeping foxglove.
In South Africa this plant may simply be called asystasia. Asystasia gangetica is found along roadsides and river banks, in more or less waterlogged areas as well as well-drained cultivated areas
Asystasia comprises about 50 species. Young tender leaves and shoots of Asystasia gangetica are collected as a vegetable, in Kenya and Uganda it is a popular vegetable mixed with beans and groundnut or sesame paste.
This plant is a spreading herb or groundcover, reaching 600 mm in height or up to 1 m if supported. The stems root easily at the nodes. The leaves are simple and opposite. The fruit is an explosive capsule which starts out green in colour, but dries to brown after opening.
In some parts of Africa, besides having the leaves as a vegetable it is also used as an herbal remedy in traditional African medicine for asthma. It is also used as an ornamental plant. Extracts of Asystasia gangetica have shown analgesic and anti-asthmatic properties in pharmacological tests. It is an important plant for honeybees, butterflies and other insects.
Asystasia gangetica is used as a forage for cattle, goats and sheep in South-East Asia; it is either grazed or cut for stall feeding. Excessive consumption by sheep can result in bloat.
In Africa an infusion of the plant is used to ease pain during childbirth, and the sap is applied to sores, wounds and piles, and in embrocations to treat stiff neck and enlarged spleen in children. Powdered roots are considered analgesic and used in treating stomach-ache and snakebites.
A leaf decoction is used as analgesic and to treat epilepsy and urethral discharge. In India the sap is applied to swellings; it is also used as a vermifuge and to treat rheumatism.
In the Moluccas (Indonesia) the juice, together with lime and onion juice, is recommended for dry coughs with an irritated throat and discomfort in the chest.
In the Philippines the leaves and flowers are used as an intestinal astringent and In Tanzania the plants are pounded with water to make a wash against fleas for young animals. Asystasia gangetica leaves can be dried, pounded, and the powder stored for use in the dry season.
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Acanthaceae
Genus: Asystasia
Species: A. gangetica
Binomial namebAsystasia gangetica
(L.) T.Anderson
宽叶十万错(学名:Asystasia gangetica),是管状花目爵床科十万错属的植物, 分布于中南半岛、马来半岛、泰国、印度以及中国大陆的广东、云南等地,现已成为泛热带杂草。
多年生草本,外倾,叶具叶柄,椭圆形,基部急尖,钝,圆或近心形,几全缘,长3-12厘米,宽1-4(-6)厘米,两面稀疏被短毛,上面钟乳体点状,总状花序顶生,花序轴4棱,棱上被毛,较明显,花偏向一侧。苞片对生,三角形,长5毫米,疏被短毛;小苞片2,似苞片,着生于花梗基部,长2毫米;花梗约长3毫米,无毛;花萼长7毫米,5深裂,仅基部结合,裂片披针形,线形,长5-6毫米,被腺毛。
花冠短,约长2.5厘米,略两唇形,外面被疏柔毛;花冠管基部圆柱状,长约12毫米,上唇2裂,裂片三角状卵形,先端略尖,长约5毫米,下唇3裂,裂片长卵形,椭圆形,中裂片长约9毫米,侧裂片7毫米,中裂片两侧自喉部向下有2条褶襞直至花冠筒下部,褶襞密被白色柔毛,并有紫红色斑点;雄蕊4,花丝无毛,每边一长一短,在基部两两结合成对,花药紫色,背着,长圆形,2室不等高,基部具短尖头;花柱约长12毫米,基部被长柔毛,子房约长3毫米,密被长柔毛,具杯状花盘,花盘多少钝圆,5浅裂。
宽叶十万错
【主治】:用于跌扑骨折,瘀阻肿痛,为伤科要药,治痈肿疮毒及毒蛇咬伤,无论内服、外敷,皆有一定功效,以鲜品为佳。用于血热所致的各种出血症,并有止血不留瘀的特长,对出血兼有瘀者尤为适宜。常用于创伤出血。
【性味归经】:淡、凉。入心、肝二经。
【用法用量】:内服:煎汤,9-15克。外用:适量捣敷患处或研末外用
【考 证】:始载于《新华本草纲要》
【生药材鉴定】:性状:全草长可达1M,多切段。茎具纵棱,少分枝,节膨大。叶对生,皱缩,完整叶片披针形,长6-12CM,先端渐尖或长渐尖,基部楔形,具短柄。
【中药化学成分】:全草含有异杞柳甙(isosalipurposide)和木犀草-7-葡萄糖甙。
In South Africa this plant may simply be called asystasia. Asystasia gangetica is found along roadsides and river banks, in more or less waterlogged areas as well as well-drained cultivated areas
Asystasia comprises about 50 species. Young tender leaves and shoots of Asystasia gangetica are collected as a vegetable, in Kenya and Uganda it is a popular vegetable mixed with beans and groundnut or sesame paste.
This plant is a spreading herb or groundcover, reaching 600 mm in height or up to 1 m if supported. The stems root easily at the nodes. The leaves are simple and opposite. The fruit is an explosive capsule which starts out green in colour, but dries to brown after opening.
In some parts of Africa, besides having the leaves as a vegetable it is also used as an herbal remedy in traditional African medicine for asthma. It is also used as an ornamental plant. Extracts of Asystasia gangetica have shown analgesic and anti-asthmatic properties in pharmacological tests. It is an important plant for honeybees, butterflies and other insects.
Asystasia gangetica is used as a forage for cattle, goats and sheep in South-East Asia; it is either grazed or cut for stall feeding. Excessive consumption by sheep can result in bloat.
In Africa an infusion of the plant is used to ease pain during childbirth, and the sap is applied to sores, wounds and piles, and in embrocations to treat stiff neck and enlarged spleen in children. Powdered roots are considered analgesic and used in treating stomach-ache and snakebites.
A leaf decoction is used as analgesic and to treat epilepsy and urethral discharge. In India the sap is applied to swellings; it is also used as a vermifuge and to treat rheumatism.
In the Moluccas (Indonesia) the juice, together with lime and onion juice, is recommended for dry coughs with an irritated throat and discomfort in the chest.
In the Philippines the leaves and flowers are used as an intestinal astringent and In Tanzania the plants are pounded with water to make a wash against fleas for young animals. Asystasia gangetica leaves can be dried, pounded, and the powder stored for use in the dry season.
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Acanthaceae
Genus: Asystasia
Species: A. gangetica
Binomial namebAsystasia gangetica
(L.) T.Anderson
宽叶十万错(学名:Asystasia gangetica),是管状花目爵床科十万错属的植物, 分布于中南半岛、马来半岛、泰国、印度以及中国大陆的广东、云南等地,现已成为泛热带杂草。
多年生草本,外倾,叶具叶柄,椭圆形,基部急尖,钝,圆或近心形,几全缘,长3-12厘米,宽1-4(-6)厘米,两面稀疏被短毛,上面钟乳体点状,总状花序顶生,花序轴4棱,棱上被毛,较明显,花偏向一侧。苞片对生,三角形,长5毫米,疏被短毛;小苞片2,似苞片,着生于花梗基部,长2毫米;花梗约长3毫米,无毛;花萼长7毫米,5深裂,仅基部结合,裂片披针形,线形,长5-6毫米,被腺毛。
花冠短,约长2.5厘米,略两唇形,外面被疏柔毛;花冠管基部圆柱状,长约12毫米,上唇2裂,裂片三角状卵形,先端略尖,长约5毫米,下唇3裂,裂片长卵形,椭圆形,中裂片长约9毫米,侧裂片7毫米,中裂片两侧自喉部向下有2条褶襞直至花冠筒下部,褶襞密被白色柔毛,并有紫红色斑点;雄蕊4,花丝无毛,每边一长一短,在基部两两结合成对,花药紫色,背着,长圆形,2室不等高,基部具短尖头;花柱约长12毫米,基部被长柔毛,子房约长3毫米,密被长柔毛,具杯状花盘,花盘多少钝圆,5浅裂。
宽叶十万错
【主治】:用于跌扑骨折,瘀阻肿痛,为伤科要药,治痈肿疮毒及毒蛇咬伤,无论内服、外敷,皆有一定功效,以鲜品为佳。用于血热所致的各种出血症,并有止血不留瘀的特长,对出血兼有瘀者尤为适宜。常用于创伤出血。
【性味归经】:淡、凉。入心、肝二经。
【用法用量】:内服:煎汤,9-15克。外用:适量捣敷患处或研末外用
【考 证】:始载于《新华本草纲要》
【生药材鉴定】:性状:全草长可达1M,多切段。茎具纵棱,少分枝,节膨大。叶对生,皱缩,完整叶片披针形,长6-12CM,先端渐尖或长渐尖,基部楔形,具短柄。
【中药化学成分】:全草含有异杞柳甙(isosalipurposide)和木犀草-7-葡萄糖甙。